بررسی کاربردهای نظریه گراف در بازیابی اطلاعات
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری اطلاعات و دانشمریم پیروزمند 1 , امیرحسین کیهانی پور 2 , علی معینی 3
1 - گروه الگوریتم و محاسبات، دانشکده علوم مهندسی، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران
2 - گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه تهران
کلید واژه: نظریه گراف, بازیابی اطلاعات, یادگیری رتبه بندی, گراف دانش, بازنمایی گرافی دادگان,
چکیده مقاله :
نظریه گراف بواسطه توانمندی در مدلسازی روابط پیچیده بین عناصر در مسائل مختلف، بصورت گسترده مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. از سوی دیگر، بازیابی اطلاعات یعنی استخراج اطلاعات مورد نیاز کاربر، به عنوان یکی از مسائل مهم در دنیای الگوریتم و محاسبات مطرح است. با توجه به کارآمدی راهکارهای مبتنی بر گراف در بازیابی اطلاعات، این مقاله، به بررسی تحلیلی و دسته بندی کاربردهای نظریه گراف در بازیابی اطلاعات، می پردازد. این راهکارها در سه دسته کلی، قابل تفکیک هستند؛ دسته نخست، شامل الگوریتمهایی می باشد که در آنها از بازنمایی گرافی دادگان در فرآیند بازیابی اطلاعات، استفاده می شود. دسته دوم پژوهشها، به حل مسئله بازیابی معنایی اطلاعات با استفاده از نظریه گراف می پردازند و نهایتا دسته سوم، مربوط به یادگیری رتبه بندی با استفاده از نظریه گراف است. این سه دسته بصورت جزئی تر در هشت زیردسته، دسته بندی شده اند. همچنین از منظر آماری، پژوهشهای صورت گرفته در هر دسته بر اساس تعداد و سال انتشار، بررسی شده اند. از جمله یافته های این مطالعه، این است که دسته سوم، هم از نظر تعداد پژوهشها و نیز سال انتشار آنها، شاخه نوظهوری محسوب می شود و میتواند حوزه تحقیقاتی جالب توجهی برای محققان محسوب شود.
Due to its power in modeling complex relations between entities, graph theory has been widely used in dealing with real-world problems. On the other hand, information retrieval has emerged as one of the major problems in the area of algorithms and computation. As graph-based information retrieval algorithms have shown to be efficient and effective, this paper aims to provide an analytical review of these algorithms and propose a categorization of them. Briefly speaking, graph-based information retrieval algorithms might be divided into three major classes: the first category includes those algorithms which use a graph representation of the corresponding dataset within the information retrieval process. The second category contains semantic retrieval algorithms which utilize the graph theory. The third category is associated with the application of the graph theory in the learning to rank problem. The set of reviewed research works is analyzed based on both the frequency as well as the publication time. As an interesting finding of this review is that the third category is a relatively hot research topic in which a limited number of recent research works are conducted.
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