کاربرد نشانگر های مولکولی در مطالعات زیست‌شناسی حفاظت
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی محیط زیست
نفیسه مومنی
1
,
محسن احمدپور
2
1 - گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه مازندران
کلید واژه: نشانگر مولکولی, ژنتیک حفاظت, حفاظت محیط زیست, حیات وحش,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: دانش مولکولی نقش مهمی در زمینه حفاظت و پایداری گونه‌های جانوری دارد. مطالعات زیست‌شناسی حفاظت برای شناسایی جمعیت‌های رو به کاهش ضروری است تا بتوان برنامه‌های مدیریتی بهتری برای احیای آنها درنظر گرفت. با وجود پیشرفت دانش مولکولی، روزانه مطالعات بسیاری در زمینه شناخت بهتر نشانگرهای مولکولی انجام می‌شود. هدف: در این مطالعه، نشانگرهای ژنتیکی بهکار رفته در بیش از 100 مقاله فارسی و انگلیسی بررسی شد. مواد و روش: این منابع از میان مطالعاتی در زمینه زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، زیست‌شناسی و اکولوژی مولکولی، نشانگرهای مولکولی و سایر موضوعات مرتبط انتخاب شد تا با مقایسه آنها، الگوی واضح‌تری از کاربرد هر نشانگر در زمینه زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، ارائه گردد. یافته‌ها: به‌طور کلی، کاربرد هر نشانگر مولکولی تنها به یک مورد محدود نیست اما در بسیاری از موارد می‌توان به وجود رابطه مشخصی میان ویژگی‌های هر نشانگر و بیشترین کاربرد آن دست یافت. بحث: با این حال در انتخاب نشانگر مناسب در هر مطالعه حفاظتی در زمینه حیات وحش، مراحل زیر پیشنهاد می‌شود: 1) شناخت گونه مورد مطالعه 2) بررسی سوال یا مشکل حفاظتی 3) شناخت نشانگرهای مولکولی. همچنین، توجه به نرخ جهش و میزان تغییرپذیری در میان نشانگرهای هستهای و میتوکندریایی میتواند در انتخاب نشانگر مناسب نقش مفیدی داشته باشد. اما برای رسیدن به اطلاعات ژنتیکی و اکولوژیکی صحیح در زیست‌شناسی حفاظت، اصول ژنتیک جمعیت و تکامل مولکولی نیازمند آموزش جامعتری است تا با مقایسه همه جانبه نتایج مولکولی با سایر علوم و کنترل کیفی ژن توالی‌یابی شده به نتایج قابل استناد‌تری در زمینه ژنتیکی و حفاظتی رسید.
Introduction: Molecular science has an important role in the conservation and stability of animal species. Biology conservasion is essential to identify populations decline to implement adequate restoration programs. Despite molecular developments, there are many studies in this field to better understanding molecular merkers. Objective: In this study, the genetic markers were examined that were used in more than 100 Persian and English articles. Materials and Methods: Sources were selected from studies in the field of conservation biology, biology, molecular ecology, molecular markers and other related topics to provide a clearer model of each marker usage in the field of conservation biology. Results: In general, each molecular marker is not limited to one case, but there is a clear relationship between the characteristics of each marker and the maximum usage in many cases. Discussion: However, selecting the adequate marker in a wildlife conservation study the following steps are suggested: 1) study the species 2) Check the problems scale 3) Characteristics of molecular markers. Also, considering the mutation rate and the variability degree among nuclear and mitochondrial markers has a role in selecting of adequate marker. But in order to obtain accurate genetic and ecological information in conservation biology, the principles of population genetics and molecular evolution require more comprehensive education; By comparing molecular results with other sciences and quality control of the sequenced gene, more reliable results were obtained in the field of genetics and conservation.
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