مدیریت توان راکتیو در شبکه توزیع با درنظرگرفتن عدم قطعیت‌ها در حضور تجهیزات جبران‌کننده توان راکتیو گسسته و پیوسته
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوترمحبوبه اعتمادی زاده 1 , مریم رمضانی 2 , حمید فلقی 3
1 - دانشگاه بیرجند
2 - دانشگاه بیرجند
3 - دانشگاه بیرجند
کلید واژه: بانک‌های خازنی, پخش بار احتمالی, سیستم‌های ذخیره‌ساز انرژی, عدم قطعیت, مدیریت توان راکتیو, منابع تولید پراکنده,
چکیده مقاله :
سرعت افزایش سطح نفوذ منابع تولید پراکنده در شبکه قدرت و ماهیت تصادفی این منابع، نحوه بهره‌برداری و طراحی این شبکه‌ها را دستخوش تغییر کرده که مدیریت توان راکتیو در شبکه‌های توزیع از این دسته هستند. استفاده از این منابع در شبکه‌های توزیع بدون چالش نیست و عدم مدیریت بهینه توان راکتیو ممکن است که بهره‌وری‌های اقتصادی برای شبکه به همراه نداشته باشد. سیستم‌های ذخیره‌ساز انرژی، پتانسیل حل این مشکل را دارند؛ لذا در این مقاله، مدیریت توان راکتیو در یک ریزشبکه متصل به شبکه اصلی با درنظرگرفتن منابع تولید پراکنده (DG)، سیستم‌های ذخیره انرژی الکتریکی (BESS) و تجهیزات جبران‌کننده توان راکتیو گسسته شامل بانک‌های خازنی با درنظرگرفتن عدم قطعیت در بار شبکه و تولید توان نیروگاه بادی و خورشیدی انجام شده است. نهایتاً کارایی روش بیان‌شده با انجام مطالعات عددی بر روی شبکه‌های توزیع 33 و 69شینه IEEE و در محیط نرم‌افزار بهینه‌سازی GAMS پیاده‌سازی گردیده است.
The increasing rate of distributed generation resources expansion into power systems and the random nature of these resources have altered the operation and design of these networks, and reactive power management in distribution networks belongs to this category. The use of these resources in distribution networks is not without challenges and the lack of optimal management of reactive power may not bring economic efficiency for the network. Energy storage systems have the potential to solve this problem. Therefore, in this article, reactive power management in a microgrid connected to the main grid, taking into account distributed generation sources, energy storage systems and discrete reactive power compensating equipment, including capacitor banks, taking into account uncertainty in network load and Wind and solar power generation has been done. Finally, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated by numerical examinations on the distribution networks of 33 and 69 IEEE buses and in the GAMS optimization software.
[1] S. Bolognani and S. Zampieri, "A distributed control strategy for reactive power compensation in smart microgrids," IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 2818-2833, Nov. 2013.
[2] T. Ding, S. Liu, Z. Wu, and Z. Bie, "A sensitivity-based relaxation and decomposition method to dynamic reactive power optimization considering DGs in active distribution networks," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 37-48, Jan. 2017.
[3] C. Masters, "Voltage rise: the big issue when connecting embedded generation to long 11 kV overhead lines," Power Engineering J., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 5-12, Feb. 2002.
[4] G. Liu, Y. Xu, and K. Tomsovic, "Bidding strategy for microgrid in day-ahead market based on hybrid stochastic/robust optimization," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 227- 237, Jan. 2016.
[5] Y. J. Kim, J. L. Kirtley, and L. K. Norford, "Reactive power ancillary service of synchronous DGs in coordination with voltage control devices," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 515-527, Mar. 2017.
[6] Y. Tian and Z. Li, "Research status analysis of reactive power compensation technology for power grid," in Proc. Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, CMD'18, 7 pp., Perth, Australia, 23-26 Sept. 2018.
[7] O. D. Montoya and W. Gil-Gonzalez, "Dynamic active and reactive power compensation in distribution networks with batteries: a day-ahead economic dispatch approach," Computers and Electrical Engineering, vol. 85, Article ID: 106710, Jul. 2020.
[8] R. H. A. Zubo, G. Mokryani, and R. Abd-Alhameed, "Optimal operation of distribution networks with high penetration of wind and solar power within a joint active and reactive distribution market environment," Applied Energy, vol. 220, pp. 713-722, Jun. 2018.
[9] Y. Wang, et al., "Reactive power optimization of wind farm considering reactive power regulation capacity of wind generators," IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia, pp. 4031-4035, Chengdu, China, 21-24 May 2019.
[10] M. Forozan Nasab and J. Olamaei, "Reactive power management in micro grid with considering power generation uncertainty and state estimation," Signal Processing and Renewable Energy, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 25-35, Jun. 2019.
[11] Q. Han, G. Xiaojing, G. Yifang, Z. Hongmei, and L. Zhipeng, "Optimization of the active distribution network operation considering the V2G mode of electric vehicles," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Power System Technology, POWERCON'18, pp. 4488-4493, Guangzhou, China, 6-8 Nov. 2018.
[12] H. Liu, et al., "Reactive power optimization of power grid with photovoltaic generation based on improved particle swarm optimization," in Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Asia, pp. 1536-1450, Chengdu, China, 21-24 May 2019.
[13] L. Chen, Z. Deng, and X. Xu, "Two-stage dynamic reactive power dispatch strategy in distribution network considering the reactive power regulation of distributed generations," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1021-1032, Mar. 2019.
[14] M. Shaheen, H. Hasanien, and A. Alkuhayli, "A novel hybrid GWO-PSO optimization technique for optimal reactive power dispatch problem solution," Ain Shams Engineering J., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 621-630, Mar. 2020.
[15] R. Ng Shin Mei, M. Sulaiman, Z. Mustaffa, and H. Daniyal, "Optimal reactive power dispatch solution by loss minimization using moth-flame optimization technique," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 59, pp. 210-222, Oct. 2017.
[16] A. Rabiee, H. Feshki Farahani, M. Khalili, and J. Aghaei, "Integration of plug-in electric vehicles into microgrids as energy and reactive power providers in market environment," IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1312-1320, Aug. 2016.
[17] O. Gandhi, C. Rodriguez, W. Zhang, D. Srinivasan, and T. Reindl, "Economic and technical analysis of reactive power provision from distributed energy resources in microgrids," Applied Energy, vol. 210, pp. 827-841, Jan. 2018.
[18] M. Doostizadeh, M. Khanabadi, and M. Ettehadi, "Reactive power provision from distributed energy resources in market environment," in Proc. 26th Iranian Conf. on Electrical Engineering, ICEE'18, pp. 1362-1367, Mashhad, Iran, 8-10 May 2018.
[19] Y. Levron, Y. Beck, L. Katzir, and J. Guerrero, "Real-time reactive power distribution in microgrids by dynamic programing," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 530- 539, Jan. 2017.
[20] X. Zhang, X. Wang, and X. Qi, "Reactive power optimization for distribution system with distributed generations based on AHSPSO algorithm," in Proc. China Int. Conf. on Electricity Distribution CICED'16, 4 pp., Xi'an, China, 10-13 Oct. 2016.
[21] M. Jie, D. Chaohua, Z. Xuexia, and W. Zhiyn, "Dynamic operation scenario reactive power optimization assessment with large-scale wind farm integration," IFAC PapersOnLine, vol. 51, no. 28, pp. 203-208, 2018.
[22] R. Hebin, G. Hongjun, L. Junyong, and L. Youbo, "A distributionally robust reactive power optimization model for active distribution network considering reactive power support of DG and switch reconfiguration," Energy Procedia, vol. 158, pp. 6358-6365, Feb. 2019.
[23] A. Samimi, M. Nikzad, and P. Siano, "Scenario-based stochastic framework for coupled active and reactive power market in smart distribution systems with demand response programs," Renewable Energy, vol. 109, pp. 22-40, Aug. 2017.
[24] O. Gandhi, W. Zhang, C. D. Rodriguez-Gallegos, and M. Bieri, "Analytical approach to reactive power dispatch and energy arbitrage in distribution systems with DERs," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 6522-6533, Nov. 2018.
[25] A. Samimi, "Probabilistic day-ahead simultaneous active/reactive power management in active distribution systems," J. of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1596-1607, Nov. 2019.
[26] V. Fernao Pires, A. V. Pombo, and J. M. Lourenco, "Multi-objective optimization with post-pareto optimality analysis for the integration of storage systems with reactive-power compensation in distribution networks," J. of Energy Storage, vol. 24, Article ID: 100769, Aug. 2019.
[27] A. Khandani and A. Akbari Foroud, "Design of reactive power and reactive power reserve market," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1443-1452, Apr. 2017.
[28] R. H. Liang and J. H. Liao, "A fuzzy-optimization approach for generation scheduling with wind and solar energy systems," IEEE-Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1665-1674, Nov. 2007.
[29] F. Samadi Gazuahani and J. Salehi, "Integrated DR and reconfiguration scheduling for optimal operation of microgrids using hong's point estimate method," International J. of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 99, pp. 481-492, Apr. 2018.
[30] S. Huang and K. R. Shih, "Short-term load forecasting via ARMA model identification including non-gaussian process considerations," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 673-679, May 2003.
[31] North Dakota Agriculture Weather Network. [Online], http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu/wind-speeds.html.
[32] H. Geramifar, M. Shahabi, and T. Barforoshi, "Coordination of energy storage systems and DR resources for optimal scheduling of microgrids under uncertainties," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 378-388, 2017.
[33] S. Fink, J. Rogers, C. Mudd, M. Buckley, C. Clark, and G. Hinkle, PJM renewable integration study: review of industry practice and experience in the integration of wind and solar generation, Tech Rep. GE Energy, Nov. 2012.
[34] A. Samimi, A. Kazemi, and P. Siano, "Economic-environmental active and reactive power scheduling of modern distribution systems in presence of wind generations: a distribution market-based approach," Energy Conver Manage, vol. 106, pp. 495-509, 2015.
[35] M. Braun, Provision of Ancillary Services by Distributed Generators, Ph.D Thesis Kassel University, 2008.
[36] M. R. Dorostkar, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. Lehtonen, and A. Safdarian, "Value of distribution network reconfiguration in presence of renewable energy resources," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1879- 888, May 2016.
[37] S. F. Santos, et al., "Impacts of operational variability and uncertainty on distributed generation investment planning: a comprehensive sensitivity analysis," IEEE Trans. Sustain Energy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 855-869, Apr. 2017.
[38] M. A. Kashem, V. Ganapathy, G. B. Jasmon, and M. I. Buhari, "A novel method for loss minimization in distribution networks," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, pp. 251-256, London, UK, 4-7 Oct. 2000.
[39] C. Venkatesan, R. Kannadasan, M. Alsharif, M. K. Kim, and J. Nebhen, "A Novel Multiobjective Hybrid Technique for Siting and Sizing of Distributed Generation and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Systems," Sustainability 2021, 13, 3308.
[40] -, EMC: Energy Market Company Price Information, https://www.emcsg.com/marketdata/priceinformation
[41] EMC: Use of System Charges, https://www.mypower.com.sg/ documents/tsusc.pdf, 2016.
[42] S. X. Chen, Y. S. F. Eddy, H. B. Gooi, M. Q. Wang, and S. F. Lu, "A centralized reactive power compensation system for LV distribution networks," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 274-284, Jan. 2015.
[43] M. E. Baran and F. F. Wu, "Optimal sizing of capacitors placed on a radial distribution system," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 735-743, Jan. 1989.
