رهیافت پدیدارشناسانه در مطالعات گردشگری
محورهای موضوعی :
1 - عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشکده گردشگری جهاد دانشگاهی
کلید واژه: پدیدارشناسی, تجربه گردشگری, هرمنوتیک, هوسرل, هایدگر,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعات گردشگری در مقیاس جهانی و به طور خاص در ایران عمدتاً در چارچوب رویکردهای کمّی مبتنی بر رهیافت اثباتی انجام شدهاند. اتخاذ بینش، برداشت و ارائه تعاریف جدیدی در حوزۀ گردشگری بر بنیان این فکر که افراد دارای احساسات، ارزشها و بینشهایی (فردی) هستند و خود میتوانند تحلیلی دقیق از آنها ارائه دهند، توجه به روشهای تفسیری جایگزین در مطالعات گردشگری را به یک ضرورت تبدیل میکند. پدیدارشناسی با تأکید بر وجه انسانی و تجربی گردشگری، این امکان را به محققان میدهد تا به گردشگری از منظر کسانی که آن را تجربه میکنند، یعنی گردشگران، نظر کنند. نوشتار حاضر با این هدف تدوین شده است تا ضمن مروری بر برخی مطالعات معتبر و پر ارجاع نشان دهد که پدیدارشناسی، بهویژه در گونۀ هرمنوتیکی، چه درکی از گردشگری و به طور خاص تجربه گردشگران دارد و این که یاریهای پدیدارشناسی هرمنوتیکی به محققان اجتماعی گردشگری کداماند.
Tourism studies globally, and specifically in Iran have been mainly based on positivistic approach and quantitative techniques. Adopting new insight, perception and definitions in the field of tourism based on the idea that people have their own feelings, values and insight (personal) toward surrounding phenomena and that they can make a precise presentation of them, necessitates taking qualitative and interpretive approach in tourism studies. Phenomenology with the emphasis on humanistic and experimental dimension of tourism, provides researchers the opportunity to look at tourism from those who are experiencing it; tourists’ point of view. This article reviews some highly referenced papers in order to show how phenomenology, specifically in hermeneutic, interprets tourists’ experience and that how social science researchers can apply phenomenology to their tourism studies.
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