تقلیل اثر مُدالیتة حسی بر ادراک زمان
محورهای موضوعی :محمدعلی نظری 1 , حسن صبوری مقدم 2 , رضا خسرو آبادی 3 , حسین سپاسی مقدم 4 , سید شهریار عرب 5
1 - دانشگاه تبریز
2 - دانشگاه تبریز
3 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
4 - دانشگاه تبریز
5 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
کلید واژه: پردازش شناختی و حسی, مدالیته حسی, روش سایکوفیزیک, ادراک زمان, روش محرک ثابت,
چکیده مقاله :
در حیطة سایکوفیزیک، در مورد اینکه هنگام ارائة یک محرک تکراری، چه عاملی باعث انقباض زمان و هنگام ارائة یک محرک غیرتکراری یا تازه، چه عاملی باعث انبساط زمان می گردد، تبیین روشنی از سهم ویژگیهای زمانی و غیرزمانی عرضه نشده است. در این پژوهش، با بررسی 48 آزمودنی در قالب 3 آزمایش، تلاش گردید تا در مقابل ویژگیهای غیرزمانی، نقش خالص ویژگیهای زمانی که کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در آزمایش 1 و 3، داده ها به وسیلة تحلیل واریانس با اندازه های مکرر روی داده های «تکلیف ادبال زمان» بررسی شدند و در آزمایش 2 نیز داده ها به کمک تابع روانسنجی افتراق زمان، تحلیل گردیدند. آزمایش 1 نشان داد که با اِعمال تغییر روی ویژگی های زمانی بین محرک های تکراری ـ غیرتکراری و به کمک کمکردن دخالتِ ویژگی های غیرزمانی، میتوان تنها در سیستم شنوایی و در یک محدودة تقریبی از آستانة افتراق، به ترتیب باعث انقباض و انبساط زمان شد. در آزمایش 2، محاسبات تکمیلی برای اصلاح برآورد اندازة مناسب آستانه انجام گردید. آزمایش 3 نشان داد که با اِعمال تغییرات مناسب در آستانة افتراق، می توان همزمان در هر دوی این مدالیته ها به صورت همسو، اثرهای مرتبط با تکراری/ غیرتکراری بودن محرک بر ادراک زمان را ایجاد کرد.
In psychophysics domain, various factors have been studied as the main account of the time contraction after stimulus repetition and the time expansion after a novel stimulus; however, there is no clear explanation about the amount of involvement of temporal and non-temporal features. In this study, 48 sub-jects participated in 3 experiments in which the purer role of temporal properties of stimului were examined. Data were provided by a tem-poral oddball paradigm and the analysis was implemented by repeated measures analysis of variance in experiments 1 and 3. In experiment 2, a psychometric function was used to deter-mine the modified estimations in temporal pro-cessing system. Findings showed that despite removing the non-temporal change in expe-riment 1, the temporal change between repea-ted/non-repeated stimuli can produce time con-traction and dilation respectively. The result was only for the auditory system. In experi-ment 2, an efficient threshold for temporal oddball was suggested. Using the updated threshold, experiment 3 revealed concordant repeated/non-repeated effects on time percep-tion in both modalities.
Au, R. K. C. Ono, F., & Watanabe, K. (2012). Time dilation induced by object motion is based on spatiotopic but not retinotopic positions. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 58. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00058.#Birngruber, T., Schröter, H., & Ulrich, R. (2014). Duration perception of visual and auditory oddball stimuli: Does judgment task modulate the temporal oddball effect? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76(3), 814-828.#Brigner, W. L. (1986). Effect of perceived brightness on perceived time. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 63(2), 427-430.#Brown, S. W. (1985). Time perception and attention: The effects of prospective versus retrospective paradigms and task demands on perceived duration. Perception & Psychophysics, 38(2), 115-124.#Brown, S. W. (1995). Time, change, and motion: The effects of stimulus movement on temporal perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 57(1), 105-116. doi: 10.3758/bf03211853#Buonomano, D. V., Bramen, J., & Khodadadifar, M. (2009). Influence of the interstimulus interval on temporal processing and learning: Testing the state-dependent network model. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1865-1873.#Chen, K. M., & Yeh, S. L. (2009). Asymmetric cross-modal effects in time perception. Acta Psychologica,130(3), 225-234.#Desai, V. R. (2007). The effects of aging and brain damage on time perception. CUREJ-College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, http://repository.upenn.edu/curej/60.#Eagleman, D. M. (2008). Human time perception and its illusions. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 18(2), 131-136.#Eagleman, D. M., & Pariyadath, V. (2009). Is subjective duration a signature of coding efficiency? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1841-1851.#Goldstein, E. B. (2008). Blackwell handbook of sensation and perception. : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.#Grondin, S. (2008). Methods for studying psychological time. Psychology of Time, 51-74. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group.#Grondin, S. (2014). About the (non) scalar property for time perception Neurobiology of Interval Timing (pp. 17-32): Springer.#Hodinott-Hill, I., Thilo, K. V., Cowey, A., & Walsh, V. (2002). Auditory chronostasis: Hanging on the telephone. Current Biology, 12(20), 1779-1781.#Ivry, R. B., & Schlerf, J. E. (2008). Dedicated and intrinsic models of time perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(7), 273-280.#Kanai, R., & Watanabe, M. (2006). Visual onset expands subjective time. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 68(7), 1113-1123.#Le Poidevin, R. (2015). The Experience and Perception of Time. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2015 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.#https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/time-experience#Li, B., Huang, X., Bi, C., & Chen, Y. (2013). Distortions of time perception: The oddball effect. Advances in Psychological Science, 6(21),1086-1994.#Matthews, W. J. (2011). Stimulus repetition and the perception of time: The effects of prior exposure on temporal discrimination, judgment, and production. PloS One, 6(5), e19815. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019815#Matthews, W. J. (2015). Time perception: The surprising effects of surprising stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(1), 172.#Matthews, W. J., & Gheorghiu, A. I. (2016). Repetition, expectation, and the perception of time. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 8, 110-116.#Matthews, W. J., & Meck, W. H. (2014). Time perception: The bad news and the good. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 5(4), 429-446.#Matthews, W. J., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psycholgical Bulletion, 142(8), 865-907. doi: 10.1037/bul0000045#Mauk, M. D., & Buonomano, D. V. (2004). The neural basis of temporal processing. Annual. Review of Neuroscience, 27, 307-340.#Mike, M. (2007). Sensation and perception. New York: Infobase Publishing (Chelsea House).#Mioni, G., Stablum, F., & Grondin, S. (2014). Interval discrimination across different duration ranges with a look at spatial compatibility and context effects. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(717). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00717.#Ono, F., & Kawahara, J-I. (2007). The subjective size of visual stimuli affects the perceived duration of their presentation. Perception & Psychophysics, 69(6), 952-957. doi: 10.3758/bf03193932#Pariyadath, V., & Eagleman, D. (2007). The effect of predictability on subjective duration. PloS One, 2(11), e1264.#Pariyadath, V., & Eagleman, D. M. (2008). Brief subjective durations contract with repetition. Journal of vision, 8(16), 11.#Pariyadath, V., & Eagleman, D. M. (2012). Subjective duration distortions mirror neural repetition suppression. PloS one, 7(12), e49362. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049362#Pashler, H., & Yantis, S. (2002). Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology , Sensation and Perception (Third ed. Vol. 1). United States of America, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.#Peirce, J. W. (2009). Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 2(10). doi: 10.3389/neuro.11.010.2008#Pigeon, S. (2015). Online audio frequency signal generator. Retrieved February 2015, from http://www.wavtones.com/functiongenerator.php#Pütz, P., Ulbrich, P., Churan, J., Fink, M., & Wittmann, M. (2012). Duration discrimination in the context of age, sex, and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 24(8), 893-900.#Schindel, R., Rowlands, J., & Arnold, D. H. (2011). The oddball effect: Perceived duration and predictive coding. Journal of Vision, 11(2),17,1–9. doi:10.1167/11.2.17.#Stauffer, C. C., Haldemann, J., Troche, S. J., & Rammsayer, T. H. (2012). Auditory and visual temporal sensitivity: Evidence for a hierarchical structure of modality-specific and modality-independent levels of temporal information processing. Psychological Research, 76(1), 20-31.Todorovic, A., & de Lange, F. P. (2012). Repetition suppression and expectation suppression are dissociable in time in early auditory evoked fields. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(39), 13389-13395.#Toplak, M. E., & Tannock, R. (2005). Time perception: modality and duration effects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33(5), 639-654.#Tse, P. U., Intriligator, J., Rivest, J., & Cavanagh, P. (2004). Attention and the subjective expansion of time. Perception & Psychophysics, 66(7), 1171-1189.#Ulbrich, P., Churan, J., Fink, M., & Wittmann, M. (2007). Temporal reproduction: Further evidence for two processes. Acta Psychologica, 125(1), 51-65.#Van Wassenhove, V., Buonomano, D. V., Shimojo, S., & Shams, L. (2008). Distortions of subjective time perception within and across senses. PloS One, 3(1), e1437.#Zchaluk, K., & Foster, D. H. (2009). Model-free estimation of the psychometric function. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 71(6), 1414-1425.#
