تبیین روابط متقابل بین توانمندسازی روانی، هوش معنوی کارکنان وکاهش حوادث و سوانح شغلی (مطالعه موردی: شرکت ملی صنایع مس ایران)
محورهای موضوعی : روش های نوین آموزش وتوسعه منابع انسانیساسان تقی زاده 1 , علیرضا منظری توکلی 2 , سنجر سلاجقه 3 , سمانه مهدیزاده 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران،
2 - دانشیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران.
4 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران.
کلید واژه: توانمندسازی روانی, هوش معنوی, حوادث و سوانح شغلی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از این پژوهش تبیین روابط متقابل بین توانمندسازی روانی، هوش معنوی کارکنان و کاهش حوادث و سوانح شغلی، است. تحقیق حاضر از فرآیندی سه مرحله‌ای تبعیت می‌کند. بدین منظور در مرحله اول، ابتدا به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌‌ای اقدام به مرور و مطالعه ادبیات علمی موجود و قابل دسترس، جهت احصا عوامل اثرگذار بر ابعاد تحقیق شد. سپس، از روش دلفی فازی جهت نهایی کردن و بومی سازی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر ابعاد سه¬گانه، استفاده گردید. در پایان با کمک تکنیک DEMATEL - based ANP (DANP) ، روابط میان متغیرهای اصلی، فرعی و چگونگی تأثیر آنها بر هم (تاثیر متقابل) تعیین شد. جامعه آماری نهایی این تحقیق را 11 نفر از کارکنان خبره حوزه رفتار سازمانی و مدیران ارشد ایمنی، سوانح و کنترل شرکت ملی صنایع مس ایران، تشکیل دادند. برای انتخاب نمونه، از نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی استفاده شد که روشی غیر احتمالی است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که توانمندسازی روانی و هوش معنوی کارکنان، بصورت مستقیم و یک¬طرفه بر کاهش حوادث و سوانح شغلی اثر می¬گذارند و این بدان معنا می¬باشد که ارتقا و بهبود توانمندسازی روانی و هوش معنوی کارکنان موجب کاهش حوادث و سوانح شغلی خواهد شد. همچنین، مشخص گردید بین توانمندسازی روانی و هوش معنوی کارکنان، ارتباطی دوسویه برقرار است.
The purpose of the present study is to explain the interrelationships among psychological empowerment, spiritual intelligence of employees and the reduction of occupational accidents and incidents. This study took a three-step process. In the first stage, a documentary and library method was used to review and study the available and accessible scientific literature, in order to extract the factors affecting the dimensions of the research. Then, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed to finalize and localize the influencing factors on the three dimensions. In the end, with the help of the DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) technique, the relationships between the main and secondary variables and how they affect each other (mutual effect) were determined. The final statistical population of this research included 11 expert employees in the field of organizational behavior and senior managers of safety, accidents and control from the National Copper Industries Company of Iran. The judgmental sampling was used to select the sample, which is a non-probability method. The results of the research revealed that the psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees have a direct and one-way effect on the reduction of occupational accidents and accidents, and this means that promoting and improving the psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees will reduce occupational accidents and accidents. Also, it was found that there is a two-way relationship between psychological empowerment and spiritual intelligence of employees
1) Munawar K, Tariq O. Exploring Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence, Religiosity and Life Satisfaction Among Elderly Pakistani Muslims. J Relig Health. 2018;57(3):781-95.
2) Karakas F. Spirituality and Performance in Organizations: A Literature Review. J Bus Ethics. 2010;94(1):89-106.
3) Zohar D. The Quantum Leader: A Revolution in Business Thinking and Practice. Prometheus Books; 2016.
4) Ahmed A, Arshad MA, Mahmood A, Akhtar S. Holistic Human Resource Development: Balancing the Equation through the Inclusion of Spiritual Quotient. J Hum Values. 2016a;22(3):165-79.
5) Amram Y. What is spiritual intelligence? an ecumenical, grounded theory. Retrieved July. 2007;18:2016.
6) Vaughan F. What is Spiritual Intelligence? J Humanist Psychol. 2002;42(2):16-33.
7) George M. Practical application of spiritual intelligence in the workplace. Hum Resour Manag Int Dig. 2006;14(5):3-5.
8) Ahearne M, Mathieu J, Rapp A. To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behavior on customer satisfaction and performance. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(5):945.
9) Hamilton C. Communicating for Results: A Guide for Business and the Professions. Cengage Learning; 2007. 484.
10) Kazlauskaite R, Buciuniene I, Turauskas L. Organisational and psychological empowerment in the HRM‐performance linkage. Empl Relat. 2012;34(2):138-58.
11) Rich BL, Lepine JA, Crawford ER. Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance. Acad Manage J. 2010;53(3):617-35.
12) Barling J, Loughlin C, Kelloway EK. Development and test of a model linking safety-specific transformational leadership and occupational safety. J Appl Psychol. 2002;87(3):488-96.
13) Probst TM, Barbaranelli C, Petitta L. The relationship between job insecurity and accident under-reporting: A test in two countries. Work Stress. 2013;27(4):383-402.
14) Kahn PH. Developmental Psychology and the Biophilia Hypothesis: Children’s Affiliation with Nature. Dev Rev. 1997;17(1):1-61.
15) Edmondson AC. Learning from failure in health care: frequent opportunities, pervasive barriers. BMJ Qual Saf. 2004;13(suppl 2):ii3-ii9.
16) Nembhard IM, Edmondson AC. Making it safe: the effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. J Organ Behav. 2006;27(7):941-66.
17) Arshad MA, Ahmed A, Akhtar S, Khan S, Mahmood A. Spiritual intelligence research within human resource development: a thematic review. Manag Res Rev. 2018;41(8):987-1006.
18) Chiang C-F, Hsieh T-S. The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior. Int J Hosp Manag. 2012;31(1):180-90.
19) Ali Yasini, Yosra Panah, Amin Panah, Spirituality at work, job engagement, and spiritual intelligence of school principals: presentinag a model, Educational Research, 2019; 1398(1): 1-21. magiran.com/p2050141
20) Saber Taghipour, Feerooz Raznahan, Effects of Psychological Factors, Personality Traits, Preceived Work Stress, Unsafe Acts and Occupational Behaviors of Employees on the Rate of Occupational Accidents, Journal of Management and Development Process, 2017; 30(3): 97-128. magiran.com/p1889198
21) Hunsaker WD. Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: relationship with Confucian values. J Manag Spiritual Relig. 2016;13(3):206-25.
22) Stead JG, Stead WE. Spiritual Capabilities: Keys to Successful Sustainable Strategic Management: Dhiman S, Marques J,. Spirituality and Sustainability: New Horizons and Exemplary Approaches. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. ص 89-103.
23) Pluta A, Rudawska A. Holistic approach to human resources and organizational acceleration. J Organ Change Manag. 2016;29(2):293-309.
24) Roof RA, Bocarnea MC, Winston BE. The spiritual engagement instrument. Asian J Bus Ethics. 2017;6(2):215-32.
25) Rego A, Pina e Cunha M. Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: an empirical study. J Organ Change Manag. 2008;21(1):53-75.
26) Baqerpour M, Zadeh Ha, Bojmehrani S, Lotfi M. Spiritual intelligence (concepts, measurement and its applications). Karami A., Editor. Psychometrics; 2010. 17.
27) Katayoon Eshagh Hosseini, Somayyeh Garagoozloo, Zahra Garagoozloo, An introduction to the concept of spiritual intelligence in organization, Journal of Human Resources management, 2013; 2(6): 55. magiran.com/p1189321
28) King DB. The spiritual intelligence project. Trent Univ Can. 2007;
29) Wallace B, Sisk DA, Senior J. The SAGE Handbook of Gifted and Talented Education. SAGE; 2018. 618.
30) Amram JY. The contribution of emotional and spiritual intelligences to effective business leadership. Institute of Transpersonal Psychology; 2009.
31) Zohar D, Marshall I. SQ: Connecting with our spiritual intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing USA; 2000.
32) Davidson S. Cultivating spiritual intelligence to heal diseases of meaning. Contemp Nurse. 2002;12(2):103-5.
33) Faramarz Sohrabi , Esmaeil Naseri, Ma, A Study of the Conception and Components of Spiritual Intelligence and Developing an Instrument to Assess It, Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 2010; 3(4): 69. magiran.com/p862460
34) Davoudi SA, Akbari H. Assess the human resource components of spiritual intelligence. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2016;7:1824-30.
35) Quinn RE, Spreitzer GM. The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should consider. Organ Dyn. 1997;26(2):37-49.
36) Whetten DA, Cameron KS. Developing managerial skills. 1998;
37) Nasiri R, Molla Hosseini A, Salajegheh S, Sheikhy A. Review of the Individual and Organizational Factors Related to Human Resource Empowerment and Designing an Optimal Model to Promote Manifestations of Productivity. Soc Sci Res Netw. 2016;
38) Muduli A. Workforce agility: Examining the role of organizational practices and psychological empowerment: MUDULI. Glob Bus Organ Excell. 2017;36(5):46-56.
39) Spreitzer GM. Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Acad Manage J. 1995;38(5):1442-65.
40) Singh M, Sarkar A. Role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between structural empowerment and innovative behavior. Manag Res Rev. 2019;
41) Kazlauskaite R, Buciuniene I, Turauskas L. Organisational and psychological empowerment in the HRM‐performance linkage. Empl Relat. 2012;
42) Zimmerman MA. Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. Am J Community Psychol. 1995;23(5):581-99.
43) IRANZADEH SOLEYMAN, ZANJANI SAEED. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT AND PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT OF FEMALE TEACHERS (CASE STUDY). WOMAN & STUDY OF FAMILY. 2012 [cited 2021August25];4(14):65-83. Available from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=407762
44) Ahmadi Baladeh S. Participatory management and its relationship with employee empowerment;2015.
45) Park E-M, Seo J-H. Effects of Shared Leadership, Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment. J Digit Converg. 2019;17(6):177-84.
46) Bowen DE, Lawler EE. The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how, and when. Manag Innov Change. 2006;33:155-69.
47) Boje DM, Rosile GA. Where’s the power in empowerment? Answers from Follett and Clegg. J Appl Behav Sci. 2001;37(1):90-117.
48) Ozturk Ciftci D. The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment in the Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Work Engagement. Bus Econ Res J. 2019;10(1):167-86.
49) Sagie A, Koslowsky M. Participation and empowerment in organizations: Modeling, effectiveness, and applications. Sage Publications; 1999.
50) Denton DW, Kleiman LS. Job tenure as a moderator of the relationship between autonomy and satisfaction. Appl HRM Res. 2001;6(2):105-14.
51) Bandura A, Freeman W, Lightsey R. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. 1999;
52) ASGHARI AREZOU, KHODAPANAHI MOHAMMAD KARIM, SALEH SEDGHPOUR BAHRAM. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPOWERMENT AND SELF-EFFICACY WITH JOB SATISFACTION. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. 2008 [cited 2021August25];12(2 (46)):227-239. Available from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=152469
53) Javed B, Khan AA, Bashir S, Arjoon S. Impact of ethical leadership on creativity: the role of psychological empowerment. Curr Issues Tour. 2017;20(8):839-51.
54) Chen Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Qian S. Can leader “humility” spark employee “proactivity”? The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Leadersh Organ Dev J. 2018;
55) Liu C, Liu S, Yang S, Wu H. Association between transformational leadership and occupational burnout and the mediating effects of psychological empowerment in this relationship among CDC employees: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2019;12:437-46.
56) Schermuly CC, Meyer B. Transformational leadership, psychological empowerment, and flow at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol. 2020;0(0):1-13.
57) Kim M, Beehr TA. Self-Efficacy and Psychological Ownership Mediate the Effects of Empowering Leadership on Both Good and Bad Employee Behaviors. J Leadersh Organ Stud. 2017;24(4):466-78.
58) Aydin Ş, Dedeoglu BB, Çoban Ö,. Organizational Behavior Challenges in the Tourism Industry: IGI Global; 2020. (Korstanje M. Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry).
59) Zhou J. When the presence of creative coworkers is related to creativity: Role of supervisor close monitoring, developmental feedback, and creative personality. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(3):413-22.
60) Madjar N, Oldham GR. Task Rotation and Polychronicity: Effects on Individuals’ Creativity. Hum Perform. 2006;19(2):117-31.
61) Hu C, Liu H, Qu J, Wang D, Ru J. Coagulation behavior of aluminum salts in eutrophic water: significance of Al13 species and pH control. Environ Sci Technol. 2006;40(1):325-31.
62) Del Casino VJ. Flaccid theory and the geographies of sexual health in the age of ViagraTM. Health Place. 2007;13(4):904-11.
63) Arro H, Pihu T, Prikk A, Rootamm R, Konist A. Comparison of Ash from PF and CFB Boilers and Behaviour of Ash in Ash Fields: Yue G, Zhang H, Zhao C, Luo Z,. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. 1054-60.
64) Riess AG, Strolger L-G, Casertano S, Ferguson HC, Mobasher B, Gold B,. NewHubble Space TelescopeDiscoveries of Type Ia Supernovae: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy. Astrophys J. 2007;659(1):98–121.
65) Steffensen M, Rogers EM, Speakman K. Spin-offs from research centers at a research university. J Bus Ventur. 2000;15(1):93-111.
66) Happel MF, Deliano M, Handschuh J, Ohl FW. Dopamine-modulated recurrent corticoefferent feedback in primary sensory cortex promotes detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. J Neurosci. 2014;34(4):1234-47.
67) Hamidreza Najmabadi, Gholamhossein Halvani, Alireza Esmaeili, Hamideh Mihanpour , Survey of Safety Culture and Its Relation to Work-Related Accidents in a City Train Project, Journal of ccupational Hygiene and Health Promotion, 2018; 1(3): 164-175. magiran.com/p1791689
68) Bahmani A., Haji Tashkari Kenari Faz. Investigating the effect of job stress on self-reported safety behaviors: The moderating role of emotional intelligence. In: Third International Conference on Management, Trade and Economic Development. undefined; 2017.
69) F Rudgar Nezhad , Effect of job stress on safety behavior with moderating role of emotional intelligence at the operators terminal of the maritime & port administration of Gilan province, Journal of Teaching in Marine Sciences, 2019; 6(3): 119-134. magiran.com/p2060358
70) Zohar D. Rewiring the Corporate Brain: Using the New Science to Rethink how We Structure and Lead Organizations. Berrett-Koehler Publishers; 1997. 200.
