بهبود ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان پنل‌های خورشیدی جدا از شبکه
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر
محمدحسن مرادی
1
,
علی‌رضا رئیسی
2
1 - دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
2 - دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
کلید واژه: ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان پنل خورشیدی ولتاژ مدار باز روش اغتشاش و مشاهده,
چکیده مقاله :
پنل‌های خورشیدی دارای مشخصه جریان- ولتاژ غیر خطی بوده و تنها در یک نقطه کار خاص، حداکثر توان را تولید می‌کنند. این نقطه بهینه توان با تغییر دما و شدت نور تغییر می‌کند. روش‌های مختلفی برای ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان به صورت online و offline معرفی شده است. این مقاله روش جدیدی جهت بهبود عملکرد ردیابی نقطه حداکثر توان پنل‌های خورشیدی جدا از شبکه ارائه می‌دهد و الگوریتم روش پیشنهادی از دو بخش محاسبه نقطه کار و تنظیم دقیق تشکیل شده است. ابتدا بخش محاسبه نقطه کار که بر اساس روش ولتاژ مدار باز می‌باشد، حداکثر توان را تقریب می‌زند و سپس بخش تنظیم دقیق بر اساس روش اغتشاش و مشاهده مقدار دقیق حداکثر توان را دنبال می‌كند. روش پیشنهادی در محیط Matlab/Simulink شبیه‌سازی و برای یک نمونه آزمایشگاهی پیاده‌سازی شده و تأثیر تغییر فرکانس و دامنه اغتشاش بر روي پاسخ دینامیکی و عملکرد حالت پایدار ردیابی نقطه حداکثر مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. نتایج حاصل از شبیه‌سازی و آزمایشگاه براي حالت راه‌اندازی و حالت پایدار با روش‌هاي موجود مقايسه مي‌گردد و مؤثربودن روش پیشنهادی نشان داده می‌شود.
Solar panels exhibit non-linear current–voltage characteristics producing maximum power at only one particular operating point. The maximum power point changes with temperature and light intensity variations. Different methods have been introduced for tracking the maximum power point based on offline and online methods. In this paper a new method is presented to improve the performance of maximum power point tracking in off-grid solar panels. The proposed algorithm is a combination of two loops, set point calculation and fine tuning loops. First the set point loop approximates the maximum power using offline calculation of the open circuit voltage. The exact amount of the maximum power will, then, be tracked by the fine tuning loop which is based on perturbation and observation (P&O) method. The proposed method is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment and experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype. In maximum power point tracking, the effects of frequency variation and disturbance amplitude on dynamic response and steady state performance are examined. Simulation and experimental results are compared with other methods and the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated.
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