مروری بر قالبگیری ماکرومولکولها و میکروارگانیسم‌ها
محورهای موضوعی :بیتا یاراحمدی 1 , سید محمد رضا میلانی حسینی 2
1 -
2 - علم و صنعت
کلید واژه: پلیمر قالب مولکولی ماکرومولکولها میکروارگانیسم ها,
چکیده مقاله :
اصطلاح ماکرومولکول به دسته‌ای از مولکول‌ها با جرم مولکولی زیاد که از واحدهای کوچک‌تر تشکیل شده‌اند، اطلاق می‌گردد. ماکرومولکولها dشامل پروتئین‌ها، اسید‌های‌نوکلئیک، کربوهیدرات‌ها و غیره می‌باشد و نقش بسیار مهمی در حیات جانداران ایفا می‌کنند، بنابراین شناسایی و تشخیص ماکرومولکولها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار می‌باشد. جهت شناسایی و تشخیص ماکرومولکولها از روش‌های گوناگون مانند فلئورسانس، NMR، توموگرافی الکترون، الکتروفورز و HPLC استفاده می‌شود. یک روش سریع و دقیق برای تشخیص ماکرومولکولها قالبگیری آن‌ها می‌باشد. قالبگیری مولکولی یکی از مهم‌ترین روش‌های تشخیص و تعیین کمی انواع مولکول‌های کوچک، ماکرومولکولها و میکروارگانیسم‌ها (باکتری و ویروس) می‌باشد. برای قالبگیری ماکرومولکولها و میکروارگانیسم‌ها شیوه‌های مختلفی از جمله قالبگیری سطحی، میکروتماس و اپی‌توپ استفاده می‌شود. قالبگیری مولکولی در مقایسه با دیگر روش‌های تشخیص دارای ویژگی‌هایی از جمله هزینه کم، قابلیت تشخیص بالا، پایداری، حد تشخیص پایین و دوام طولانی مدت می‌باشد. به دلیل این ویژگی‌ها از پلیمرهای قالبگیری شده در زمینه‌های مختلف مانند کروماتوگرافی، دارو‌رسانی، نانو‌فناوری و فناوری حسگر استفاده می‌شود.
The term macromolecule refers to a group of molecules with a high molecular weight, composed of smaller units. Macromolecules contain proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, etc., and play a very important role in the livelihoods, so the identification and detection of macromolecules is of particular importance. Different methods such as fluorescence, NMR, electron microscopy, electrophoresis and HPLC are used to identify and detect macromolecules. A quick and accurate method for detecting macromolecules ismolecular imprinting. Molecular imprinting is one of the most important methods for the detection and quantification of a variety of small molecules, macromolecules and microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Different imprinting methods are used to detection macromolecules and microorganisms, including surface imprinting, microcontact impeinting and epitope imprinting.Molecular molding compared with other detection methods has features such as low cost, high detection capability, stability, low detection limit and stability. Due to these properties imprinted polymers are used in various fields such as chromatography, drug delivery, nanotechnology and sensor technology.
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