اصول حاکم بر حق کودک بر سلامت در نظام بین‌المللی حقوق بشر
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودک
زهرا ابراهیمی
1
(دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، حقوق عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران)
زهرا مشرف‌جوادی
2
(دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: حق بر سلامت, کودک, تعهدات دولت,
چکیده مقاله :
کودکان به عنوان مخاطبان حق سلامت و نسل آینده هر جامعه‌ای، به حمایت‌های دولت، والدین و سرپرستان قانونی خود نیاز دارند تا از دوره کودکی وارد بزرگسالی شوند. کنوانسیون حقوق کودک در مواد متعددی به موضوع سلامت کودکان اشاره کرده و کمیته حقوق کودک از دولت‌ها می‌خواهد در ایفای تعهدات خود در خصوص کودکان، شرایط کودکی و ظرفیت‌های در حال تحول کودکان را مد نظر قرار دهند. از همین رو در کنوانسیون حقوق کودک چهار اصل اساسی: حق بر بقا و رشد، عدم تبعیض، حق بر شنیده‌شدن و در نظرگرفتن مصالح عالی کودک مانند چتر حمایتی بر تمام حق‌های بشری کودکان سایه افکنده است. از آنجایی که حق کودک بر سلامت حقی فراگیر است و از زمان تولد و حتی پیش از تولد تا دوران نوجوانی با چالش‌های مختلفی رو به رو است، علاوه بر اصول اساسی، اصول دیگری نیز ضمیمه می‌شود تا محتوای حق کودک بر سلامت کامل گردد. حق بر آموزش و دریافت اطلاعات، در امان‌ماندن از سوءاستفاده و بدرفتاری، منع رویه‌های زیان‌بار و تهدیدات دنیای دیجیتال اصول خاص حاکم بر تعریف حق بر سلامت کودکان است. لازم است دولت‌ها حق بر سلامت کودکان را در تمام زمینه‌ها در نظر گرفته و کودک را به عنوان فرد دارنده حق شناسایی کنند.
Children as the recipients of the right to health and the future of any society need the support of the government, their parents and legal guardians while entering adulthood. The Convention on the Rights of the Child has referred to the issue of child health in several articles and the Committee on the Rights of the Child has called on governments to consider childhood conditions and children's evolving capacities when fulfilling their obligations toward them. Thus, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has four core principles that underpin all children's rights: the right to life and survival, non-discrimination, the right to be heard and consideration of child’s best interests such as all human rights. Since children's right to health is a general right and encounters various challenges from the time of birth and even before that to adolescence, some principles are added to the basic principles in order to supplement the content of their right to health and complete them. The right to education, protection from abuse and misbehavior and prohibition from harmful practices and threats of the digital world are specific principles governing the definition of children's right to health. Governments need to consider this right of children in all areas and recognize children as individuals possessing rights.
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