بررسی حقوق اجتماعی و توانبخشی کودکان معلول در اسناد بینالمللی و قوانین ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودکمنوچهر توسلی نائینی 1 , مینو طباطبایی 2 , راحله جاگیری 3
1 - دانشیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 - استادیار علوم تربیتی، گروه علوم تربتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، فولادشهر، ایران
3 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
کلید واژه: معلولین, حقوق اجتماعی, فرصت برابر, كنواسیون حقوق معلولین, قواعد استاندارد,
چکیده مقاله :
توجه جامعه بینالملل به مسأله کودکان معلولین و لزوم توانبخشی آنان برای بازیافت حداکثر توانایی ممکن، در اواسط قرن نوزدهم آغاز و این روند با فراز و نشیبهایی همچنان ادامه داشت تا اینکه در آغاز هزاره جدید میلادی با تصویب کنوانسیون حقوق معلولین در سال 2006 به اوج خود رسید. در این میان، مسأله حقوق اجتماعی و توانبخشی کودکان معلول از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. یکی از مسائل مهمیکه باعث میشود به حقوق اجتماعی و توانبخشی معلولین به طور خاص توجه شود، موقعیت متفاوتی است که معلولین در آن قرار گرفتهاند و در طول تاریخ این تفاوت سبب شده است که از حقوق خود محروم گردند. در قرن اخیر با وضع قوانین مختلف از سوی سازمانها و نهادهای بینالمللی در جهت حقوق معلولین گامهای مؤثری برداشته شده است و دولتها نیز با پیوستن به این قوانین که مهمترین آنها کنوانسیون حمایت از معلولین میباشد، حقوق معلولین را پذیرفتهاند، اما نکتهای که حائز اهمیت است، مبنای این قانونگذاریها و نیز چگونگی اجرای آنهاست، اینکه قوانین به درستی اجرا میشوند یا فقط روی کاغذ پذیرفته شدهاند. متأسفانه در فاصله تدوین و اجرای قوانین مذکور در کشورهای در حال توسعه، از جمله ایران شکاف بزرگی مشهود است و تا رسیدن به آنچه در اسناد بینالمللی پذیرفتهایم، فاصله وجود دارد.
Attention to the issue of children with disabilities and the necessity of rehabilitation for regaining maximum possible extent of their abilities was initiated in the mid-19th century; this trend continued with ups and downs until attention to the rights of disabled persons reached its pinnacle at the beginning of the new millennium through the enactment of the Convention on the Rights of Disabled Persons in 2006. Meanwhile, the issue of social and rehabilitation rights of the Children with disabilities is also of utmost importance. One of the important issues that make social rights and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities more particularly relevant is the different circumstances in which the disabled are placed and throughout history this difference has caused them to be deprived of their rights. In the recent century, with condition of various laws, organizations in many countries and many international bodies have taken effective steps through legislation with respect to disability rights; and countries through adopting these laws, of which the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is the most important; have accepted the rights of the disabled. However, it is noteworthy that the basis of this legislation and how to implement it is of utmost importance; whether the laws are implemented thoroughly or just being written on down. Unfortunately, the interval between codification of the law and its administration in developing countries such as Iran a huge gap is noticeable and there is a long way to go to meet the international standards.
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