شیوه های اخلاقی در کارآفرینی و جهت گیری یادگیری صادرات
محورهای موضوعی : زمینه های اخلاقی مدیریت وحکومت
علی کاظمی
1
,
علیرضا روستا
2
,
عبدالله نعامی
3
1 - دانشگاه ازاد اسلامي ،جزيره كيش
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران جنوب
کلید واژه: تعهد صادرات, جهت گیری یادگیری صادرات, شدت رقابت, عملکرد صادرات, فاصله بازار, کارافرینی صادرات,
چکیده مقاله :
یکی از عوامل اساسی دستیابی به رشد اقتصاد پایدار و پر رونق، صادرات می باشد که مهم ترین هدف در سیاستگذاری در بخش تجارت خارجی تلقی می شود. در اين بين افزايش صادرات مواد غذايي و کشاورزی بعنوان يـکـي از اقـلام صـادرات غيرنفتي به منظور لزوم خروج از اقتصاد نفت محور، ورود به بازار اقتصاد جهاني و ايجاد تنوع در اقلام صادراتي، يکي از ضـروريـات توسعه اقتصادي کشور محسوب مي شود. بنابراین، بررسی متغیرهای موثر در صادرات از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار می باشد. در مورد اهمیت سعی و تلاش و کارآفرینی با توجه به آموزه های دینی می توان بیان نمود با بررسی آیه 39 سوره نجم، آیه15 سوره طه،آیه 22 سوره انسان به خوبی روشن می شود که محاسبه ابدی درباره شخصیت آدمی روی کار و کوششی است که به خود او مربوط است. به بیان دیگر، ملاک شایستگی و ناشایستگی شخصیت در عالم بقا، کاری است که انسان در دنیا انجام داده است. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تاثیر متغیر جهت گیری یادگیری صادرات و کارافرینی به همراه عوامل موثر بر آن بر عملکرد صادرات و یافتن نقش پارادوکسی متفیر فاصله بازار و نقش تعدیل گرایانه آن در رابطه بین دو متغیر جهت گیری یادگیری و عملکرد صادرات می باشد. برای آزمایش نمودن فرضیات تحقیق، از نمونه ای با تعداد 296 نفر فرد شاغل در شرکتهای حاضر در نمایشگاه بین المللی صنایع غذایی و کشاورزی در سال 98 به دست آمده است. با استفاده از پرسشنامه استاندارد و روش توزیع احتمالی تصادفی، داده ها را گردآوری نموده و اطلاعات را توسط نرم افزار spss و smartpls تجزیه وتحلیل نموده ایم. یافته های این تحقیق نشان می دهد: تعهد صادرات، منابع و شدت رقابت بر کارافرینی صادرات اثری مثبت دارند اما تاثیر فاصله بازار بر کارافرینی صادرات رد شده است. هم چنین نتایج نشان از تاثیر مثبت جهت گیری یادگیری و کارافرینی صادرات بر عملکرد صادراتی شرکت های نمونه تحقیق دارد، در عین حال افزایش متغیر فاصله بازار، رابطه بین جهت گیری یادگیری صادرات و عملکرد صادرات را تضعیف کرده است.
One of the key factors in achieving sustainable and prosperous economic growth is 'export' which is considered the most important goal in trade policy. Meanwhile, one of the requirements for economic development of the country is increasing food and agricultural export as one of the non-oil commodity export to move away from the oil-based economy, enter the global economic market and create diversity in exported goods. Therefore, the study of effective variables contributing to the field of export is of paramount importance. Considering the crucial role of human's effort and entrepreneurship in regard to religious education, it can be deduced that through examining verse 39 of Surah Najm, verse 15 of Surah Taha, verse 22 of Surah Ansab, the spiritual personality of human beings is directly in line with their own work and effort. In other words, the criterion for admiring people in the world of survival is what they do and the lasting impact they can have on the world. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of export learning orientation and entrepreneurship along with the contributing factors on export performance and to find the paradoxical role of market distance and its moderating role in the relationship between two variables of learning orientation and export performance. To test the research hypotheses, a sample of 296 people who worked in companies that took part in the International Exhibition of Food and Agriculture in 1998 was selected. Using a standard questionnaire and random sampling method, data was collected and analyzed by SPSS and smart PLS software. The findings of the present study depict that the export commitment, resources and intensity of competition have a positive effect on export entrepreneurship, but the effect of market distance on export entrepreneurship is not significant. The results also reveal the positive effect of the export learning orientation and entrepreneurship on the export performance of the sample companies. However, increasing the market distance variable weakens the relationship between export learning orientation and export performance.
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