نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده همکاری‌های فناورانه بین شرکتهای بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور
الموضوعات :
شعبان الهی
1
,
آرمان خالدی
2
,
مهدی مجیدپور
3
,
رضا اسدی فرد
4
1 -
2 - سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشکده مدیریت، علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
4 - پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: همکاری فناورانه, شرکتهای بزرگ, شرکتهای کوچک فناوری محور, مرور نظام‌مند, فراترکیب,
ملخص المقالة :
با توجه به رقابتی شدن محیط کسب و کار در طی چند دهه اخیر، شرکت ها به منظور حفظ حیات و جایگاه خود در فضای کسب و کار به خلق نوآوری روی آورده اند. با این حال از آنجایی که خلق نوآوری در انزوا رخ نمی دهد بنابراین شرکت ها در زمینه خلق نوآوری و فناوری به همکاری با یکدیگر روی آورده اند. در این میان شدت همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور با توجه به ویژگی های متفاوت و همچنین دسترسی آن ها به منابع مکمل یکدیگر بیشتر است. همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت ها موضوعی پیچیده و چالش برانگیز است که عوامل متعددی در شکل گیری و موفقیت آن تاثیرگذار هستند؛ بنابراین شناسایی عوامل (نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده) موثر بر همکاری فناورانه و توجه به آن ها در طول فرآیند تعامل بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور می تواند به موفقیت همکاری کمک کند. به همین منظور با استفاده از روش مرور نظام مند و با جستجو در پایگاه داده Web of Knowledge تعداد 1488 مقاله در زمینه همکاری فناورانه استخراج شدند که پس از ارزیابی آن ها، 57 مورد به عنوان مقالات مرتبط و معتبر شناسایی شدند. در ادامه نیز با استفاده از روش فراترکیب مقالات منتخب بررسی و کدگذاری شدند. نتایج حاصل از کدگذاری مقالات و ترکیب آن ها حاکی از آن است که در مجموع عوامل (نیروهای تسهیل کننده و بازدارنده) موثر بر همکاری فناورانه بین شرکت های بزرگ و کوچک فناوری محور را می توان ذیل 6 بعد دسته بندی کرد که عبارتند از: راهبردی، ویژگی های سازمانی، زیرساخت قانونی و نهادی، فناوری و صنعت و رابطه ای. شایان ذکر است که در مقاله حاضر علاوه بر این که به صورت جامع کلیه عوامل موثر بر همکاری فناورانه شناسایی شده‌اند، نوع و شرایط تاثیرگذاری عوامل (تسهیلگر یا بازدارنده) نیز مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.
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