از ایده تا افول: تحلیل پدیدارشناسانه از دلایل شکست استارت‌آپ‌های ایرانی

ملخص المقالة :

مقدمه: با توجه به نقش کلیدی استارت‌آپ‌ها در رشد اقتصادی، اشتغال‌زایی و توسعه نوآوری، تحلیل نظام‌مند علل شکست این کسب‌وکارهای نوپا برای بهبود تاب‌آوری اکوسیستم کارآفرینی ضروری است. شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها صرفاً به معنای از بین رفتن منابع مالی نیست، بلکه پیامدهایی چون تضعیف سرمایه انسانی و کاهش اعتماد عمومی به کارآفرینی را نیز به همراه دارد. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر شکست استارت‌آپ‌های ایرانی طراحی شده است.

روش‌شناسی: مطالعه حاضر از رویکرد کیفی و روش پدیدارشناسی بهره گرفته و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۲۲ نفر از فعالان زیست‌بوم کارآفرینی (شامل اعضای هیئت علمی، بنیان‌گذاران استارت‌آپ‌ها و مشاوران کسب‌وکار) گردآوری شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل تم و کدگذاری کلایزی در چند مرحله انجام شد.

یافته‌ها: از داده‌ها ۱۸۶ مفهوم استخراج و در قالب ۸ زیرمقوله و ۲ مقوله اصلی طبقه‌بندی شدند: عوامل خرد (داخلی) شامل ویژگی‌های فردی، ضعف ایده و مشکلات تیمی؛ و عوامل کلان (خارجی) شامل ناکارآمدی آموزشی، خلأ قانونی، موانع فرهنگی-اجتماعی و مشکلات حکمرانی.

نتیجه‌گیری: شکست استارت‌آپ‌ها حاصل تعامل پیچیده عوامل فردی، نهادی و ساختاری است. این یافته‌ها می‌توانند مبنای اصلاح سیاست‌های حمایتی، بهبود آموزش‌ها و تقویت نهادهای پشتیبان در اکوسیستم کارآفرینی ایران قرار گیرند. پژوهش همچنین مجموعه‌ای از توصیه‌های سیاستی برای کاهش نرخ شکست ارائه می‌دهد.

المصادر:


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