تحلیل عملکرد و ارزیابی کارایی روش¬های مختلف کنترل در درایو موتورهای سنکرون مغناطیس دائم

ملخص المقالة :

موتورهای سنکرون مغناطیس دائم (PMSM) به دلیل چگالی توان بالا، راندمان زیاد و قابلیت کنترل دقیق گشتاور و سرعت، در بسیاری از سامانه‌های صنعتی، رباتیکی و نظامی کاربرد گسترده‌ای یافته‌اند. عملکرد مطلوب این موتورها به شدت وابسته به نوع الگوریتم کنترلی مورد استفاده است. در این مقاله، عملکرد پنج روش کنترلی شامل کنترل جریان با مدولاسیون (PWM)، کنترل جریان هیسترزیس، کنترل برداری میدان (FOC)، کنترل مستقیم گشتاور (DTC) و کنترل پیش‌بین مبتنی بر مدل (MPC) در یک درایو PMSM مورد شبیه‌سازی، تحلیل و مقایسه قرار گرفته است. در تمامی روش‌ها، شرایط کاری موتور و مبدل یکسان در نظر گرفته شده و پارامترهای موتور با سرعت نامی rpm 2000 و بار اغتشاشی 5_/1 و 5_/2 نیوتن‌متر در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج شبیه‌سازی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که روش کنترل پیش‌بین مبتنی بر مدل (MPC) ضمن کاهش قابل توجه ریپل گشتاور (حدود 2/0%) و اعوجاج هارمونیکی کل (2% ≈ THD)، از پاسخ دینامیکی بسیار سریع و پایداری بالا در برابر تغییر بار و پارامترهای موتور برخوردار است. در مقابل، روش‌های کلاسیک نظیر PWM و FOC  نسبت به تغییر پارامترهای Rs و Lq حساس‌تر بوده و دارای ریپل گشتاور و تلفات کلیدزنی بالاتری هستند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل تلفات نشان داد که با افزایش فرکانس کلیدزنی، تلفات در روش‌های PWM و DTC افزایش می‌یابد، در حالی‌که روش MPC با انتخاب بردارهای ولتاژی بهینه، توانست تلفات کلیدزنی را به حداقل برساند. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که روش MPC به دلیل دقت بالا، پاسخ سریع و قابلیت پایداری در شرایط غیرخطی و متغیر، برترین گزینه برای کنترل PMSM در کاربردهای بلادرنگ و صنعتی محسوب می‌شود.

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