مقاوم‌سازی سیستم‌های حفاظتی شبکه‌های قدرت در برابر حملات سایبری: مرور جامع
الموضوعات :زهرا پوراحمد 1 , رحمت‌الله هوشمند 2 , سید محمد مدنی 3
1 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشكده فنی- مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشكده فنی- مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی برق، دانشكده فنی- مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: حمله سايبری, مقاوم‌سازی, شبکه قدرت, سیستم حفاظتی, رله.,
ملخص المقالة :
سیستم‌های حفاظتی، حیاتی‌ترین عنصر دفاعی شبکه‌های قدرت را در برابر شرایط غیرعادی تشکیل می‌دهند؛ بنابراین عملکرد نادرست آنها که توسط حملات سایبری ایجاد می‌شود، ممکن است عواقب بسیار زیادی برای شبکه‌های قدرت مانند خاموشی‌های گسترده ایجاد کند. از جمله مهم‌ترین سیستم‌های حفاظتی که در معرض نفوذ مهاجم سایبری است، سیستم حفاظتی ژنراتور، خط انتقال و ترانسفورمر می‌باشد. ناهنجاری‌های سایبری را می‌توان با استفاده از اقدام‌های استراتژیک به حاشیه راند و اثر آن را در شبکه کاهش داد. در این مقاله، با توجه به اهمیت سیستم حفاظت شبکه قدرت، مرور جامع روش‌های مقاوم‌سازی سیستم حفاظتی در برابر حملات سایبری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور در مرحله اول، جهت مقاوم‌سازی شبکه قدرت در برابر حمله سایبری، روش‌های مبتنی بر حفاظت ارائه می‌گردند. سپس در مرحله دوم، روش‌های مبتنی بر تشخیص برای ردیابی حمله سایبری احتمالی بیان می‌شوند. از آنجا که تضمین قطعی برای عدم نفوذ مهاجم سایبری وجود ندارد، با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های تشخیص حمله می‌توان از پیشرفت حمله جلوگیری کرد. به این منظور از دو دسته الگوریتم مبتنی بر داده و مبتنی بر مدل استفاده می‌شود. در الگوریتم‌های مبتنی بر داده می‌توان از دانش و اطلاعات شبکه به صورت بهینه استفاده کرد تا شرایط وقوع حمله سایبری را نسبت به شرایط بدون حمله سایبری تشخیص داد. در الگوریتم‌های مبتنی بر مدل با اجرای الگوریتم تخمین حالت و بر اساس روابط سیستم، پارامترهای شبکه تخمین زده می‌شود. سپس با محاسبه اختلاف مقادیر برآوردشده و مقادیر اندازه‌گیری‌شده، دستکاری در اطلاعات و نفوذ مهاجم سایبری، تشخیص داده می‌شود. در نتیجه استفاده از روش‌های جلوگیری و شناسایی نفوذ مهاجم سایبری در مطالعات مورد بررسی باعث افزایش امنیت سایبری سیستم حفاظت شبکه قدرت خواهد شد. در این راستا به‌کارگیری انواع الگوریتم‌های حفاظت و تشخیص برای مقابله با حملات سایبری بسیار حائز اهمیت است.
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