مرور پارامترهای طراحی پوسته ساختمان در جهت کاهش مصرف انرژی (نمونه موردی: بنا‌های مسکونی متداول منطقه 15)
الموضوعات :رضا سلیمی گرگری 1 , سید مجید مفیدی شمیرانی 2 , هانیه صنایعیان 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران
2 - استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران
3 - استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: پوسته ساختمان, تیپولوژی, بار گرمایشی, مصرف انرژی, نمای پایدار.,
ملخص المقالة :
با توجه به نقش کلیدی نمای ساختمان به عنوان پوسته و تأثیرات آن بر کیفیت فضاهای داخلی و مصرف انرژی، بهینه سازی نما در فرآیند طراحی یک ساختمان بسیار حائز اهمیت است. از سوی دیگر با توجه به چالش‌ها و پیچیدگی روش‌های سنتی بهینه‌سازی، استفاده از روش‌های نوین برای ارزیابی در مراحل ابتدایی طراحی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. شناسایی راهکارها و استراتژیهای بهینه سازی پارامترهای طراحی پوسته ساختمان، به معماران این امکان را می‌دهد که در همان مراحل اولیه طراحی تأثیر به سزایی در رفتار حرارتی ساختمان داشته باشند. مقاله حاضر یک مرور جامع با تأکید بر مطالعات انجام شده در سال‌های اخیر در زمینه پوسته ساختمان و پارامترهای مؤثر بر رفتار حرارتی داخل بناست و بخشی از تحقیقات گسترده‌تری است که هدف آن ارائه راهکارهای طراحی برای کاهش مصرف انرژی در نماها می‌باشد. هدف اصلی این تحقیق مطالعه مروری بر تمام منابع موجود در این زمینه می‌باشد و در این راستا، پارامترهای کالبدی نما بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده، مورد بررسی سیستماتیک قرار گرفته است و پس بررسی و مرورو دقیق مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه، پارامترهای تأثیر‌گذار در پوسته ساختمان بر رفتار حرارتی داخلی بنا، استخراج و دسته‌بندی شده‌اند. در مرحله اول، با بررسی منابع مرتبط و مطالعات مشابه، پارامترهای کالبدی نما به صورت کامل بررسی شده است و در بخش دوم تیپ‌های مختلف نماها در منطقه 15 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.. نقشه GIS منطقه با دقت بررسی شده و تیپ‌های مختلف نماها به روش میدانی استخراج شده‌اند. سپس با در نظر گرفتن طول نماهای یکسان، بر اساس نقشه و فضاهای موجود در نماهای اصلی، بناها دسته‌بندی شده و گونه‌های نهایی مشخص می‌شوند.
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