اثرات محیط زیستی ورود پسماندهای پلاستیکی به دریا و روش¬های مدیریت آن (مطالعه مروری)
الموضوعات :
سیده بهاره عظیمی
1
,
غلامرضا اله قلی پور
2
,
یوسف عظیمی
3
1 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
2 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
3 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدیریت پسماند, آلاینده¬های پلاستیکی, آلاینده¬های دریایی, محیط زیست,
ملخص المقالة :
يكي از پيامدهاي تحولات جامعه جهاني در يك سده اخير توسعه شهرنشيني و تمركز بيش از پيش اجتماعات بشري در مناطق شهري است. رشد جمعيت و تمايل به شهرنشيني از تحولات قرن حاضر است كه اين امر به نوبه خود استفاده بيشتر از منابع و توليد ضايعات را تشديد نموده است. اين افزايش جمعيت به همراه توسعه شهر نشيني مصرف منابع طبيعي و به تبع آن دورریز و توليد انواع ضايعات و پسماندها را به همراه دارد. در نتیجه مدیریت پسماند در جهان به سویی می‌رود که به چالشی بزرگ در نواحی شهری بدل شود. این چالش، به ویژه در شهرهای بزرگ، بزرگ تر است. این پسماندها نه تنها در اکوسیستم انسان و خشکی های کره زمین، بلکه به دریاها نیز راه یافته است و موجودات آبزی را نیز از آثار سوء خود بی بهره نگذاشته اند. به منظور همگام شدن با نیازهای توسعه اقتصادی سریع و رشد پیوسته جمعیت و نیز به دلیل نقش حیاتی مدیریت پسماند در حفظ محیط زیست و سلامت همگانی، مدیریت پسماندهای دریایی یکی از اولویت‌های حال حاضر جوامع می باشد. دفع و تجمع پسماندها در محیط زیست دریایی یکی از تهدیدهای محیط زیستی است که با سرعت بسیار زیادی رو به افزایش است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مرور منابع و جمع آوری اطلاعاتی در خصوص ورود پسماندهای پلاستیکی به دریا، اثرات محیط زیستی آن و روش های مدیریت پسماندهای پلاستیکی دریایی می باشد.
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