مروری بر بازیافت مکانیکی پلی‌لاکتیک اسید: چالش‌ها و دستاوردهای اخیر
الموضوعات :
فرزانه طباطبائی
1
(کارشناس ارشد واحد تحقیق و توسعه)
الکلمات المفتاحية: پلی‌لاکتیک اسید, بازیافت مکانیکی, تخریب حرارتی-مکانیکی, ارزشمندسازی پسماند, بسته‌بندی مواد غذایی, چاپ سه‌بعدی,
ملخص المقالة :
روند روبهرشد استفاده از پلی‌لاکتیک اسید (PLA)، فناوران را به تحقیق گسترده در زمینه‌ی ارزشمندسازی پسماندهای آن با بهترین کیفیت تشویق می‌کند. بهطورکلی، بازیافت مکانیکی PLA یکی از مقرونبه‌صرفه‌ترین روش‌های بازیابی این پلیمر است. اما مواد بازیافتی معمولاً برای کاربردهای کم‌اهمیت مصرف می‌شوند که علت آن تخریب حرارتی-مکانیکی ذاتی پلیمر در حین بازیافت بوده که عمدتاً باعث بریدگی زنجیرها و واکنش‌های ترنس استریفیکاسیون درونمولکولی و بین‌مولکولی میشود. از این رو، بازیافت مکانیکی بر توزیع جرم مولی و متعاقباً بر خواص مکانیکی، حرارتی و رئولوژیکی PLA بازیافتی تأثیر منفی میگذارد. در این مقاله، مروری بر پژوهش‌های دهه‌ی اخیر در زمینه‌ی اثرات بازیافت مکانیکی بر خواص PLA شامل تغییرات ساختاری، مورفولوژیکی، مکانیکی، رئولوژیکی و حرارتی انجام شد. همچنین مروری بر سه روش اصلی ارزشمندسازی PLA بازیافتی شامل اصلاح حرارتی، اصلاح‌های شیمیایی در حضور پایدارکننده‌ها، عوامل گسترش‌دهنده‌‌ی زنجیر و عوامل شاخه‌ای‌کننده و در انتها مخلوط کردن PLA بازیافتی با نانوافزودنی‌ها یا سایر پلیمرها برای ارتقای خواص انجام شد. در ادامه، به دلیل استفاده‌ی گسترده از الیاف طبیعی برای بهبود عملکرد PLA، قابلیت بازیافت زیست‌کامپوزیت‌های PLA تقویت‌شده با الیاف طبیعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در انتها به دو کاربرد مهم PLA بازیافتی در صنایع بسته‌بندی مواد غذایی و چاپ سه‌بعدی پرداخته شد.
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