پیوند مفهومی گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه و تحول جامعه (مطالعه ترکیبی)
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشکده علوم اجتماعی
الکلمات المفتاحية: گردشکری, سرمایه اجتماعی, توسعه و تحول, روش ترکیبی,
ملخص المقالة :
گردشگری، پدیده‌ای چندوجهی است که از گذشته تا به امروز در ابعاد و حوزه‌های مختلف جامعه جریان دارد. در جامعه مفاهیم اساسی‌ای همچون سرمایه اجتماعی وجود دارند که در پیوند با مفهوم گردشگری می‌توانند توسعه و تحول آن را رقم برنند. هدف تحقیق حاضر، دستیابی به الگوی پیوند مفهومی گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه و تحول جامعه است که با استفاده از روش تحقیق ترکیبی، آن را تدوین می‌نماید. رویکرد بکار رفته در آن، نسبی متوالی با وزن نابرابر است که در سه فاز کیفی- کیفی- کمّی انجام می‌شود که به ترتیب از سه روش «مرور سیستماتیک- تحلیل مضمون- دلفی تعدیل‌شده» استفاده شده است. مطابق با یافته‌های تحقیق، در فاز اول با استفاده از روش مرور سیستماتیک، از میان 211 مقاله بررسی شده، تعداد 26 مقاله انگلیسی و فارسی مرتبط شناخته شده و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در فاز دوم- روش تحلیل مضمون- با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته اطلاعات گردآوری شدند که 67 مضمون اساسی، 26 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده، چهار مضمون فراگیر شناسایی و استخراج شدند. در فاز سوم با استفاده از متد دلفی تعدیل‌شده، جهت بررسی سطح توافق خبرگان و تأیید اجزای الگو، سه راند دلفی انجام و تمام خبرگان اجزای الگو را مورد بررسی و تایید قرار دادند. از نتایج تحقیق حاضر می‌توان به نقش اساسی و سازنده مولفه‌هایی چون «حمایت و پشتیبانی از جامعه، مشارکت در گردشگری، رعایت حقوق شهروندی، تقویت زیرساخت‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و... جامعه» اشاره کرد که موجب ایجاد پیوند و ارتباط دو مقوله‌ی مهم گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی شده‌اند که می‌توانند موجبات توسعه و تحول جامعه را فراهم سازند.
المصادر:
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صفایی پور، زهرا؛ توکلان، علی. (1399). بررسی نقش و اثرات سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه گردشگری شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر ایلام. پژوهش های گردشگری و توسعه پایدار. سال سوم تابستان 1399 شماره 2 (پیای 10).
علي بيگي، جواد؛ قاسمي، يارمحمد. (1394). تأثير گردشگري مذهبي بر کيفيت زندگي و سرمايه اجتماعي خانوارهاي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: روستاي بردي؛ شهرستان دهلران). مطالعات اجتماعي گردشگري. پاييز و زمستان 1394، دوره 3، شماره 6، اصص 87-116.
عینالی، جمشید؛ فراهانی، حسین؛ رومیانی، احمد. (1392). ارزیابی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه‌ی گردشگری روستایی با تأکید بر خانه‌های دوم مطالعه‌ی موردی: دهستان حصار ولیعصر- شهرستان بوئین‌زهرا. فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری. دوره 2، شماره 6، شماره پیاپی 6، پاییز 1392، صص52-74.
غزاني، عزت اله؛ بيژني، مسعود؛ چيذري، محمد. (1395). نقش سرمايه اجتماعي در توسعه گردشگري طبيعي مردم نهاد از ديدگاه روستاييان استان مازندران. علوم ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي ايران. دوره 12، شماره 1؛ صص 53-69.
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Feldman, M., & Zoller, T. D. (2012). Dealmakers in place: Social capital connections in regional entrepreneurial economies. Regional Studies, 46(1), 23–37.
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García-Villaverde, Pedro M.; Elche, Dioni & Martínez-Pérez, Ángela. (2020). Understanding pioneering orientation in tourism clusters: Market dynamism and social capital. Tourism Management. 76 (2020) 103966.
Hamel, Candyce; Michaud, Alan; Thuku, Micere; Skidmore, Becky; Stevens, Adrienne. (2020). Defining Rapid Reviews: a systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of definitions and defining characteristics of rapid reviews. Journal Pre-proof. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.09.041.
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احمدي، فضل اله؛ نصيرياني، خديجه؛ اباذري، پروانه. (1387). تكنيك دلفي: ابزار براي تحقيق. مجله ايراني آموزش در علوم پزشكي. بهار و تابستان 1387، دوره 8، شماره 1 (پياپي 19)، از صص 175-185.
حبیبی، فاتح. (1395). بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در تمایل به ورود گردشگر (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مریوان). فصلنامه مطالعات شهری. دوره 5، شماره 18 - شماره پیاپی 18، بهار 1395، صص 37-50.
رازقی مله، هادی؛ ابراهیمی، قربانعلی. (1397). تحلیل رابطه علی سرمایه اجتماعی و توسعه پایدار گردشگری (مطالعه موردی: شهروندان شهر ساری). برنامه ريزي و توسعه گردشگري. تابستان 1397، دوره 7، شماره 25؛ صص 46-71.
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علي بيگي، جواد؛ قاسمي، يارمحمد. (1394). تأثير گردشگري مذهبي بر کيفيت زندگي و سرمايه اجتماعي خانوارهاي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: روستاي بردي؛ شهرستان دهلران). مطالعات اجتماعي گردشگري. پاييز و زمستان 1394، دوره 3، شماره 6، اصص 87-116.
عینالی، جمشید؛ فراهانی، حسین؛ رومیانی، احمد. (1392). ارزیابی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه‌ی گردشگری روستایی با تأکید بر خانه‌های دوم مطالعه‌ی موردی: دهستان حصار ولیعصر- شهرستان بوئین‌زهرا. فصلنامه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری. دوره 2، شماره 6، شماره پیاپی 6، پاییز 1392، صص52-74.
غزاني، عزت اله؛ بيژني، مسعود؛ چيذري، محمد. (1395). نقش سرمايه اجتماعي در توسعه گردشگري طبيعي مردم نهاد از ديدگاه روستاييان استان مازندران. علوم ترويج و آموزش كشاورزي ايران. دوره 12، شماره 1؛ صص 53-69.
Abdul Razzaq, Abdul Rasid; Mohamad, Nor Haniza; Syed A.Kader, Syed Shikh; Mustafad, Mohamad Zaid; Ab.Hadi, Mohd Yusop; Hamzah, Amran & Khalifah, Zainab. (2012). Developing Human Capital for Rural Community Tourism: Using Experiential Learning Approach. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 93 ( 2013 ) 1835 – 1839.
Altinay, L., Sigala, M., & Waligo, V. (2016). Social value creation through tourism enterprise. Tourism Management, 54, 404e417.
Andereck, K. L., & Nyaupane, G. P. (2011). Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents. Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), 248–260.
Ashley, C. (2009). The impacts of tourism on rural livelihoods. Retrieved on 10/3/2013 from http://dspace.cigilibrary.org.
Attride-Stirling, J. (2001), “Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative Research”, Qualitative Research, Vol. 1, No. 3, Pp. 385-405.
Banning EB. Archaeological survey. New York ; London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002.
Bourdieu, P. (1985). The social space and the genesis of groups. Theory and Society, 14(6), 723e744.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Caulfield, Jack. (2020). How to do thematic analysis. Published on September 6, 2019 by. Revised on August 14, 2020. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/
Campbell R, Pound P, Morgan M, et al. Evaluating meta-ethnography: systematic analysis and synthesis of qualitative research. Health Technol Assess. 2011; 15: 1–164.
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc; 5th edition (January 2, 2018).
Dijkstra, Nienke E. et al. (2020). Developing a competence framework for nurses in pharmaceutical care: A Delphi study. Nurse Education Today. Volume 104, September 2021, 104926.
Dans, Eva Parga & González, Pablo Alonso. (2019). Sustainable tourism and social value at World Heritage Sites:Towards a conservation plan for Altamira, Spain. Annals of Tourism Research. 74 (2019) 68–80.
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253.
Everett, J. (2002). Organizational research and the praxeology of Pierre Bourdieu. Organizational Research Methods, 5(1), 56e80.
Feldman, M., & Zoller, T. D. (2012). Dealmakers in place: Social capital connections in regional entrepreneurial economies. Regional Studies, 46(1), 23–37.
Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. Third World Quarterly, 22(1), 7e20.
García-Villaverde, Pedro M.; Elche, Dioni & Martínez-Pérez, Ángela. (2020). Understanding pioneering orientation in tourism clusters: Market dynamism and social capital. Tourism Management. 76 (2020) 103966.
Hamel, Candyce; Michaud, Alan; Thuku, Micere; Skidmore, Becky; Stevens, Adrienne. (2020). Defining Rapid Reviews: a systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of definitions and defining characteristics of rapid reviews. Journal Pre-proof. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.09.041.
Kakoudakis, Konstantinos I.; McCabe, Scott & Story, Vicky. (2017). Social tourism and self-efficacy Exploring links between tourism participation, job-seeking and unemployment. Annals of Tourism Research. 65 (2017) 108–121.
Kim, Myung Ja; Lee, Choong-Ki & Bonn, Mark. (2016). The effect of social capital and altruism on seniors' revisit intention to social network sites for tourism-related purposes. Annals of Tourism Research. Volume 85, November 2020, 103103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.09.007.
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