تدوین الگوی شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای مهندسان برای سازمانهای نوین صنعتی
الموضوعات :فاطمه نارنجی ثانی 1 , زینب السادات مصطفوی 2
1 - گروه علوم تربيتي، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مهندسانشایستگی‌های عمومی شایستگی‌های تخصصی سازمانهای صنعتی,
ملخص المقالة :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین الگوی شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای مهندسان برای سازمانهای صنعتی نوین ، انجام شده است. روش پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از منظر گردآوری داده‌ها کمی ازنوع توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل؛ 1)اعضای هیئت‌علمی متخصص، دارای دکتری مهندسی و فعال در حوزه صنعت، 2)مدیران و کارشناسان خبره شاغل در سازمانهای صنعتی با تجربه 5 سال یا بیشتر و و دارای مدرک مهندسی که از 5 دانشگاه و 4 سازمان صنعتی برتر به تعداد 467 نفر که با استفاده از فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران، حجم نمونه‌ای به تعداد 216 نفر به شیوه‌ی نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب گردید. جهت شناسایی شایستگی‌های حرفه ای مهندسان برای ورود به سازمانهای صنعتی، پیشینه پژوهش‌های انجام شده و سایت onet مورد بررسی قرار گرفته، سپس شایستگی‌های استخراج و بر مبنای آن به دو دسته کلی ؛ عمومی و تخصصی طبقه بندی شدند. به منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته 42 گویه‌ای استفاده شد که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای همه شاخص‌ها زیربنایی ابزار 3/82 به دست آمد. جهت بررسی روایی پرسشنامه نیز از نظر خبرگان مرتبط و هم چنین روایی سازه استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد: 1- شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای مورد نیار شامل؛ شایستگی های عمومی (شایستگی شخصیتی، برنامه‌ریزی، شناختی) و تخصصی (سیستماتیک، کاربردی، اخلاق حرفه‌ای و استراتژیک) می باشد 2- مدل کلی پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مورد برازش قرار گرفت. 3- همه نشانگرها به طور معنی‌داری با عامل زیربنایی خود مرتبطبودند و مدل اندازه‌گیری طی ارزیابی شاخص‌های جزئی مطلوب بود.
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2. Bridgstock, R. The graduate attributes we’ve overlooked: Enhancing graduate employability through career management skills. Higher Education Research & Development. 2009; 28(1): 31-44.
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5. Rahdari M, Nasr A R, Nili M R, Tork Ladani B. Evaluating professional skills and employment status of baccalaureate's alumni in Information Technology Engineering. IRPHE. 2015; 21 (2):1-24.
6. Al-Ghoul, K. A. The Reasons for Unemployment Related to Academic Qualification and Work Environment from the viewpoint of Students Expected to Graduate from King Saud University. Academia. 2020; 20-21:29-50.
7. Okolie, U. C., Igwe, P. A., Nwosu, H. E., Eneje, B. C., & Mlanga, S. Enhancing graduate employability: Why do higher education institutions have problems with teaching generic skills?. Policy Futures in Education. 2020; 18(2): 294-313.
8. Kenayathulla, H., Ahmad, N. and Idris, A."Gaps between competence and importance of employability skills: evidence from Malaysia", Higher Education Evaluation and Development. .2019; 13(2):97-112.
9. Harris, K. A., Nousiainen, M. T., & Reznick, R. Competency-based resident education—The Canadian perspective. Surgery. 2020; 167(4): 681-684.
10. Dada, Lydia Titilay. Quality and Unemployment Issues in Curriculum and Graduate Outputs of Nigerian Universities, Journal of Positive Psychology and Counselling. 2020; Vol 6.
11. Mansourian, M., Alipour, O., Ghorbani Boosari, R. The Viewpoint of the Ph.D. Students and Alumni of Library and Information Science about the Job Prospects of this Field of Study. National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization. 2013; 24(1): 150-165.
12. Jacob, S. A., & Boyter, A. C. “My experiences were highly-dependent on the knowledge and enthusiasm of the tutor”: graduates’ feedback of experiential learning in an MP harm programmed Part 1 (TELL Project). Studies in Educational Evaluation. 2020; 66: 100891.
13. McClelland, D. C. The two faces of power. Journal of International Affairs. 1970; 29-47.
14. Malone, K., & Supri, S. A critical time for medical education: the perils of competency-based reform of the curriculum. Advances in health sciences education. 2012; 17(2): 241-246.
15. Cochran, G. R. Ohio State University extension competency study: Developing a competency model for a 21st-century extension organization (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). 2009.
16. Hu, M. L. M. Developing a core competency model of innovative culinary development. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2010; 29(4): 582-590.
17. Mace, K. L., & Bacon, C. E. W. The Future of Health Professions Education: Considerations for Competency-Based Education in Athletic Training. Athletic Training Education Journal. 2019; 14(3): 215-222.
18. Cebrián Bernat, G., Junyent i Pubill, M., & Mulà Pons de Vall, I. Competencies in Education for Sustainable Development: Emerging Teaching and Research Developments. Sustainability. 202;, 12(2) :579.
19. Rawboon, K., Yamazaki, A. K., Oda, S., & Wongsatanawarid, A. Global competencies for engineering education: A comparative study of industry and academic perspectives. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information and Education Innovations. 2020; 66-71.
20. Motahhari-Nejad, H. Professional competencies in engineering: examining validity and measurement invariance of a scale. Studies in Higher Education. 2019; 1-12.
21. Jaeger, M., Yu, G., & Adair, D. Project Based Learning versus Traditional Learning–Comparing Perspectives of Arab Managers with Chinese Managers. Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education. 2020.
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