عوامل سازمانی زمینه¬ساز انتقال یادگیری به محیط کار (مطالعه موردی؛ شرکت ملي گاز ايران)
الموضوعات :علیرضا یوزباشی 1 , خدایار ابیلی 2 , سید کمال خرازی 3 , مهدی سبحانی نژاد 4
1 - علوم تربیتی
2 - علوم تربیتی
3 - دانشگاه تهران
4 - دانشگاه شاهد
الکلمات المفتاحية: عوامل سازماني, انتقال يادگيري, محيط کار, شرکت ملي گاز ايران,
ملخص المقالة :
پژوهش حاضر به شناسايي عوامل سازماني زمینه ساز انتقال يادگيري به محيط کار در شرکت ملي گاز ايران با استفاده از رویکرد کیفی و روش مطالعه موردی صورت گرفت. به منظور گردآوری داده ها از مصاحبه نیمهساختار یافته استفاده شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل خبرگان دانشگاهي، مديران و معاونان منابع انساني و آموزشي شرکت ملي گاز ايران بوده که با توجه به سطح اشباع دادهها، 16 نفر از آنها به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. براي تحليل دادهها از فن تحليل موضوعي (تم) استفاده شد و روايي يافتههاي پژوهش با استفاده از روشهاي بررسي توسط اعضاء و چندسويهنگري منابع دادهها تضمين گرديد. همچنين، به منظور سنجش پايايي کدگذاريهاي انجام شده، از روشهاي پايايي باز آزمون و توافق درون موضوعي استفاده شد. پس از مرور و سازماندهي متون مصاحبهها، محقق کدها يا مفاهيم اوليه را شناسايي و در ادامه کدهاي مشابه در طبقههايي خاص قرار گرفتند. سپس، براي هر يک از اين طبقات عناويني، که نمايانگر کل کدهاي آن طبقه باشند، انتخاب گرديد و در نتيجه، مقوله هاي اصلي سازماني اثرگذار بر انتقال يادگيري به محيط کار در شرکت ملي گاز ايران شناسايي شد که شامل؛ فرهنگ سازماني، جو سازماني، حمايت سازمانی، پیامد سازمانی، مديريت عملکرد، عدالت سازماني، خصیصه های مدير مستقیم، مشارکت در تصميمگيري، محيط يادگيرنده، فرصت کاربرد و تناسب شغل و شاغل مي باشد.
ابیلی، خدایار؛ خرازی، سیدکمال؛ سبحانینژاد، مهدی و یوزباشی، علیرضا. (1394). تدوین الگوی اثربخش انتقال یادگیری در راستای بازگشت سرمایه در توسعه منابع انسانی با تأکید بر مدیریت شهری. فصلنامه اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، سال سوم، شماره 11، صص 79-98.
اسماعیلی، آمنه؛ طاهری، مرتضی و یونسی، جلیل. (1393). تسهیل انتقال یادگیری از مسیر حرفهای گرایی: بررسی اثر حمایت همکاران و مدیر. فصلنامه آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی، سال دوم، شماره 1، صص 40-56.
تقوی فرد، محمدتقی؛ رحیمیان، حمید و نجفی، علی. (1394). بررسی وضعیت انتقال آموزش و اولویتبندی عوامل مؤثر بر آن در صنعت پتروشیمی با تکنیک فرایند سلسله مراتبی گروهی. فصلنامه آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی، سال دوم، شماره 6، صص 75-101.
خراسانی، اباصلت؛ عباس¬پور، عباس و وفایی¬زاده، مهدی. (1394). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انتقال آموزش در آموزشهای ضمن خدمت کارکنان غیر هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران با استفاده از مدل هولتون. فصلنامه آموزش و توسعه منابع انسانی، سال دوم، شماره 5، صص 25-1.
خواستار، حمزه. (1388). ارائه روشي براي محاسبه پايايي مرحله كدگذاري در مصاحبههاي پژوهشي. فصلنامه روششناسي علوم انساني، سال پانزدهم، شماره 58.
رحیمیان، حمید و نجفی، علی. (1388). واكاوي مدلهاي انتقال آموزش در سازمان. اولين كنفرانس بینالمللی مديران آموزش، تهران، ایران.
عباسپور، عباس و وفاییزاده، مهدی. (1389). آسیبشناسی سیستم انتقال آموزش؛ حلقه مفقوده در فرایند پایش آموزش. اولین کنفرانس ملی مدیران آموزش و پژوهش ایران، مشهد.
عربشيراز، نیره. (1390). بررسي ارزيابي اثربخشي دورههاي آموزشي کارکنان ستاد شرکت ملي پخش فرآوردههاي نفتي بر اساس مدل انتقال آموزش هالتون. پایاننامه کارشناسي ارشد، دانشکده روانشناسي و علوم تربيتي، دانشگاه تهران.
متاجینیمور، عالیه. (1389). شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با انتقال آموزش به محیط کار در بین کارکنان شرکت پژوهش فناوری پتروشیمی. پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران.
میرکمالی، سیدمحمد و متاجینیمور، علیه. (1393). شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با انتقال آموزش به محیط کار از دیدگاه متخصصان شرکت پژوهش و فناوری پتروشیمی با استفاده از روش دلفی. بهبود مدیریت، سال هشتم، شماره 24، 73-98.
Awoniyi, E. A., Griego, O. V., & Morgan, G. A. (2002). Person‐environment fit and transfer of training. International journal of training and development, 6(1), 25-35.
Ayres. (2005). Factor's related to motivation to learn and motivation to transfer learning in nursing population. Ph.D Dissertation.
Baldwin, T. T., Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: a review and directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-100.
Ballesteros, L. J., & De Saá, P. (2012). The influence of organisational context on training success in the restaurant industry. The Service Industries Journal, 32(8), 1265–1282.
Banerjee, P., Gupta, R., & Bates, R. (2016). Influence of Organizational Learning Culture on Knowledge Worker’s Motivation to Transfer Training: Testing Moderating Effects of Learning Transfer Climate. Current Psychology, 1-12.
Bartlett, K. R. (2001). The relationship between training and organizational commitment: A study in the health care field. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(4), 335–352.
Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T. & Huang, J.L. (2010). Transfer of training: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Management, 36(4), 1065-105
Brinkerhoff, R. O., & Montesino, M. U. (1995). Partnerships for training transfer: Lessons from a corporate study. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 6(3), 263–274.
Broad, M.L., Newstrom, J.W. (1992). Transfer of training: Action packed strategies to ensure High payoff from training investments. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Brown, T. C., & McCracken, M. (2009). Building a bridge of understanding. How barriers to training participation become barriers to training transfer. Journal of European Industrial Training, 33(6), 492–512.
Burke, L, A., Hutchins, H, M. (2007).Training Transfer an integrate literature review. Human Resource Development Review, 6(3), 263-296.
Burke, L., & Baldwin, T. (1999). Workforce training transfer: A study of the effect of relapse preventiontraining and transfer. Human Resource Management, 38(3), 227–243.
Burke, L., Saks, A. (2009). Accountability in training transfer: Adapting schlenker's model of responsibility to a persistent but solvable problem. Journal of Human Resource Development Review, 8(3), 382-402.
Chen, H. C. (2003). Cross-cultural construct validation of the learning transfer system inventory in Taiwan. Doctoral dissertation, Marshall University.
Chiaburu, D. S., & Marinova, S. V. (2005). What predicts skill transfer? An exploratory study of goal orientation, training self-efficacy, and organizational supports. International Journal of Training and Development, 9(2), 110–123.
Chiaburu, D. S., & Tekleab, A. G. (2005). Individual and contextual influences on multiple dimensions of training effectiveness. Journal of European Industrial Training, 29(8), 604-626.
Clark, C. S., Dobbins, G. H., & Ladd, R. T. (1993). Exploratory field study of training motivation: Influence of involvement, credibility, and transfer climate. Group & Organization Management, 18(3), 292–307.
Clarke, N. (2002). Job/work environment factors influencing training effectiveness within a human service agency: Some indicative support for Baldwin and Ford’s transfer climate construct. International Journal of Training and Development, 6(3), 146–162.
Clarke, N. (2005). Workplace learning environment and its relationship with learning outcomes in healthcare organisations. Human Resource Development International, 8(2), 185–205.
Clasen, P S. (1997). Expectancy theory predictions of training skills to the job. Dissertion Abstrsacts international, 58(4), 2163B.
Cohen, J. (1990). Things I have learned (so far). American psychologist, 45(12), 1304.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 678–707.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J.A., Noe, R. A. (2000). Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: a meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 678-707.
Cromwell, S.E., Kolb, J. A. (2004). An examination of work-environment support factors affecting transfer of supervisory skills training to the workplace. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(4), 449-72.
Essary, V. L. (2001). The influences of self efficacy on training transfer. Doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology.
Facteau, J.D, Dobbins, G. H, Russell, J. E, Ladd, R. T., Kudisch, J. D. (1995). The influence of General perceptions of the training environment on pre-training motivation and perceived training transfer. Journal of Management. 21(1), 25.
Gaudine, A. P., & Saks, A. M. (2004). A longitudinal quasi-experiment on the effects of posttraining transfer interventions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 57–76.
Gilpin-Jackson, Y., & Bushe, G. R. (2007). Leadership development training transfer: A case study of post-training determinants. Journal of Management Development, 26(10), 980–1004.
Gregoire, T. K., Propp, J., & Poertner, J. (1998). The supervisor’s role in the transfer of training. Administration in Social Work, 22(1), 1–18.
Grossman, R., & Salas, E. (2011). The transfer of training: What really matters?. International Journal of Training and Development, 15(2), 103–120.
Hatala, J. P., & Fleming, P. R. (2007). Making transfer climate visible: Utilizing social network analysis to facilitate the transfer of training. Human Resource Development Review, 6(1), 33–63.
Hawley, J. D., & Barnard, J. K. (2005). Work environment characteristics and implications for training transfer: A case study of the nuclear power industry. Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 65–80.
Holton, E, F, Bates, R.A., Ruona, W, E, A (2000). Development of Generalized learning transfer system Inventory. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4(4), 377-390.
Holton, E. F. (1996). The flawed four‐level evaluation model. Human resource development quarterly, 7(1), 5-21.
Holton, E. F. (2005). Holton's evaluation model: New evidence and construct elaborations. Advances in developing human resources, 7(1), 37-54.
Industry Report. (2007). Training magazine’s exclusive analysis of the U.S. training industry. Training, 44(10/11), 8–24.
Käpplinger, B. (2009). Bildungscontrolling: Vor allem in Großbetrieben ein Thema. BIBB-Umfragen von 1997 und 2008 im Vergleich. BIBB-Report, 13, 1–8.
Karg, U. (2006). Betriebliche Weiterbildung und Transfer. Einflussfaktoren auf den Lerntransfer im organisationalen Kontext. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.
Kim, S. G., & Yang, S. J. (2015). Structural Relations of Learning Orientation, Self-Efficacy, Learning Transfer and Job Performance of Farmers who Participated in the Strong and Small Farms Education. Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development, 22(4), 455-464.
Kontoghiorghes, C. (2002). Predicting motivation to learn and motivation to transfer learning back to the job in a service organization: A new systemic model for training effectiveness. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 15(3), 114-129.
Kontoghiorghes, C. (2004). Reconceptualizing the learning transfer conceptual framework: Empirical validation of a new systemic model. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(3), 210–221.
Kurtz, H.-J., & Janikowski, A. (2008). Evaluation zum Lerntransfer anhand eines EU-Projektes.Der schwierige Schritt über den Rubikon. Personalführung, 41(5), 64–69.
Leberman, S., McDonald, L., & Doyle, S. (2006). The transfer of learning: Participants' perspectives of adult education and training. Gower Publishing, USA.
Lenske, W., & Werner, D. (2009). Umfang, Kosten und Trends der betrieblichen Weiterbildung— Ergebnisse der IW-Weiterbildungserhebung 2008. IW-Trends—Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, 36(1), 51–66.
Lim, D. H., & Johnson, S. D. (2002). Trainee perceptions of factors that influence learning transfer. International Journal of Training and Development, 6(1), 36–48.
Lim, D. H., Morris, M. L. (2006). Influence of trainee characteristics, instructional satisfaction, and organizational climate on perceived learning and training transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 17(1), 85-115.
Machin, M. A. (1999). Understanding the process of transfer of training in the workplace. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland.
Machin, M. A., Fogarty, G. J. (2004). Assessing the antecedents of transfer intentions in a training context. International Journal of Training & Development, 8(3), 222–236.
Martin, H. J. (2010). Workplace climate and peer support as determinants of training transfer. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21(1), 87–104.
Mathieu, J. E., Martineau, J. W. (1997). Individual and situational influences on training motivation. In J. K. Ford (Ed.), Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. 193-217.
McSherry, M., & Taylor, P. (1994). Supervisory support for the transfer of team-building training. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 107–119.
Milheim, W. D. (1994). A comprehensive model for the transfer of training. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 7(2), 95-104.
Newstrom, J. W. (1986). Leveraging management development through the management of transfer. Journal of Management Development, 5(5), 33–45.
Nijman, D. J. J., Nijhof, W. J., Wognum, A. A. M., & Veldkamp, B. P. (2006). Exploring differential effects of supervisor support on transfer of training. Journal of European industrial training, 30(7), 529-549.
Noe, R. A. (1986). Trainee’s attributes and attitudes: Neglected influences on training effectiveness. Academy of anagement Review, 11, 736–749.
Noorizan, M. M., Afzan, N. F., & Akma, A. S. (2016). The Moderating Effects of Motivation on Work Environment and Training Transfer: A Preliminary Analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 158-163.
O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Martocchio, J. J., & Frink, D. D. (1994). A review of the influence of group goals on group performance. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5), 1285–1301.
Pineda, P., & Quesada, P, C. (2013). Evaluación de la transferencia de la formación continua mediante el modelo ETF de factores. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 61(1). Retrieved from: http://www.rieoei.org/deloslectores/5290Pineda.pdf.
Pineda, P; Quesada-Pallarès, C; Ciraso-Calí, A. (2014). evaluation of training transfer model: the eft model. In K. Schneider (Ed.), Transfer of Learning in Organizations. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Poteet, M. L. (1996). The training transfer process: An examination of the role of individual, motivational, and work environmental factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Retrieved from: jom.sagepub.com/content/36/4/1065.refs
Richman-Hirsch, W. L. (2001). Posttraining interventions to enhance transfer: The moderating effects of work environments. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(2), 105–120.
Rouiller, J. Z & Goldstein, I. L. (1993). The relationship between organizational transfer climate and positive transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4(2), 377-390.
Ruona, W.E.A., Leimbach, M., Holton, E.F., Bates, R.A. (2002). The relationship between learner utility reactions and predicted learning transfer among trainers, International Journal of Training and Development, 6(2), 218-28.
Salas, E., Rozell, D., Mullen, B., & Driskell, J. E. (1999). The effect of team building on performance: An integration. Small Group Research, 30(3), 309–329.
Scaduto, A., Lindsay, D., & Chiaburu, D. S. (2008). Leader influences on training effectiveness: Motivation and outcome expectation processes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 158–170.
Schneider, K. (2014). Transfer of Learning in Organizations. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.
Sepeng, S., & Miruka, C. O. Transfer of Learning Challenges Experienced by Employees in Selected Departments of the North West Province. Proceedings of 8th Annual London Business Research Conference Imperial College, London, UK.
Smith-Jentsch, K. A., Salas, E., & Brannick, M. T. (2001). To transfer or not to transfer? Investigating the combined effects of trainee characteristics, team leader support, and team climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(2), 279–292.
Tharenou, P. (2001). The relationship of training motivation to participation in training and development. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74(5), 599–621.
Tracey, J. B., Tannenbaum, S. I., & Kavanagh, M. J. (1995). Applying trained skills on the job: The importance of the work environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(2), 239–252.
Van der Klink, M., Gielen, E., & Nauta, C. (2001). Supervisory support as a major condition to enhance transfer. International Journal of Training and Development, 5(1), 52–63.
Velada, R., Caetano, A. (2007). Training transfer: the mediating role of perception of learning. Development and Learning in Organizations, 21(5), 283-297.
Weldy, T. G. (2009). Learning organization and transfer: strategies for improving performance. The Learning Organization, 16(1), 58 – 68.
Wright, L. (2003). Training in Its Organizational Context: Sharing Responsibility. Perf. Improvement Quarterly, 16, 5–22
Xiao, J. (1996). The relationship between organizational factors and the transfer of training in the electronics industry in Shenzhen, China. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7(1), 55–73.
Yamnill. S., Mclean, G. N. (2001). Theories supporting transfer of training. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(2), 195-208
Yarnold, P. R., Mueser, K. T., & Lyons, J. S. (1988). Type A behaviour, accountability, and work rate in small groups. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(3), 353–360.
Carole Yaw, D. (2008). Tools for transfer. Industrial and Commercial Training, 40(3), 152-155.
Zumrah, A. R., & Boyle, S. (2015). The effects of perceived organizational support and job satisfaction on transfer of training. Personnel Review, 44(2), 236-254.