تحول دستورالعمل‌های ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی در بستر سیاستی موجود
الموضوعات :
ریچارد پارسونز
1
(وزارت برنامه‌ریزی و محیط¬زیست نیوساوت‌ولز، سیدنی، استرالیا )
جو اَن اورینگام
2
(مرکز مسئولیت اجتماعی امور معدن، دانشگاه کوئینزلند، بریزبن، استرالیا )
دینا کمپ
3
(مرکز مسئولیت اجتماعی امور معدن، مؤسسه مواد معدنی پایدار، دانشگاه کوئینزلند، بریزبن، استرالیا )
شهربانو ناصر
4
(مترجم )
الکلمات المفتاحية: ارزیابی تأثیر اجتماعی, جلب مشارکت اجتماعی, مشارکت عمومی, توسعه سیاست ,
ملخص المقالة :
تاکنون دستگاه‌های قضایی معدودی، اصول مورد توافق بین‌المللی «ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی (اتا)» را در قالب ملاحظات قانونی درآورده‌اند. دولت‌ها و نهادهای نظارتی تمایل دارند برای متولیان توسعه، چارچوب‌های کاملی فراهم آورند یا بدون مشخص کردن جزئیات اجرایی به نحوی آنها را ملزم به «در نظر گرفتن» تأثیرات اجتماعی کنند. در استرالیا، عدم شفافیت در این حوزه، اطمینان همه طرفین [اقدام توسعه‌ای] را درباره الزامات از بین می‌برد. نسخه دستورالعمل اتا که دولت نیوساوت‌ولز آن را در سال 2017 برای پروژه‌های کلان توسعه‌ای صنایع معدنی، نفتی و حفاری انتشار داد، بیانگر تلاشی جهت شفاف‌سازی الزامات و ارائه یک راهنماست. در این مقاله، ما روند به ثمر رسیدن این دستورالعمل را از دیدگاه کسانی که مستقیماً درگیر اجرای آن بودند، توصیف می‌کنیم و چالش‌های مربوط به ادغام اصول اجرای بهینه اتا در چارچوب فعلی سیاست‌های دولتی را نیز مشخص می‌نماییم. هر چند این دستورالعمل حاکی از پیشرفت چشمگیری در هدایت فرآیند اتای مبتنی بر سیاست محسوب می‌شود، هنوز برخی از جنبه‌های آن قابلیت بهبود دارد. آزمون واقعی تأثیر این دستورالعمل، در تأثیری که بر نحوۀ اجرای اتا در نیوساوت‌ولز دارد و در نهایت در پیامدهای اجتماعی پروژه‌های مرتبط با منابع بر جوامع محلی متأثر از آنها نهفته است.
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