بررسی میکروپلاستیک‌ها به عنوان آلاینده نوظهور در منابع و اثرات بهداشتی برروی انسان، مطالعه مروری
الموضوعات :
مرجان سالاری درگی
1
(دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان)
محمدباقر خراسانی
2
(دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان)
الکلمات المفتاحية: کلمات کلیدی: میکروپلاستیک, منابع محبطی, اثرات بهداشتی, محیط زیست,
ملخص المقالة :
در سال‌های اخیر، آلودگی محیط زیست با پلاستیک‌ها به یکی از بزرگترین نگرانی‌های جوامع مختلف تبدیل شده است. میکروپلاستیک‌ها به مواد پلاستیکی با اندازه کمتراز 5 میلی‌متر گفته می‌شود. میکروپلاستیک برای هزاران سال بدون اینکه تجزیه شوند در محیط زیست باقی می‌مانند. با این‌حال، روش های تحلیلی دقیق برای تشخیص و توصیف پلاستیک‌های ریز (میکروپلاستیک‌ها) کمیاب هستند. در این پژوهش توصیفی- مروری براساس مطالعات محققین مختلف و مقالات سال‌های اخیر به معرفی این آلاینده و به برخی اثرات آن در محیط‌های مختلف و اثرات سوء این آلاینده بر روی سلامتی انسان پرداخته شده است. نتایح مطالعات نشان داده است که آلودگی میکروپلاستیک نمک به‌طور قابل توجهی بین چهار منبع متفاوت، نمک دریا 1674-0، نمک دریاچه 8-462 و سنگ نمک چاه 204-0 میکروپلاستیک بر کیلوگرم گزارش شده است. تعداد میکروپلاستیک‌ها در آب تصفیه نشده 34± 1437 تا 497± 3605 ذره در هر لیتر است و به‌طور کلی مقدار میکروپلاستیک‌ها در شرایط تصفیه آب حدود 83% به‌طور میانگین کمتر از آب تصفیه نشده است. طول و قطر باید در هنگام گزارش در مورد حضور میکروپلاستیک لحاظ شوند، زیرا قطر برای تنفس بسیار مهم است، در حالی که طول نقش مهمی در ماندگاری و سمیت دارد. اگرچه اثرات سوء بهداشتي توسط ميکروپلاستيک‌ها به‌طور کامل آشکار نشده، اما انتقال مواد شيميايي از ميکروپلاستيک‌ها به موجودات زنده يک نگراني قابل ملاحظه است و درک بهتر خطرات بالقوه میکروپلاستیک‌ها برای سلامت انسان ضروری است.
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