اندیشۀ «هانا آرنت» و امکان تحول در روابط بین‌الملل
الموضوعات :
حميرا مشیرزاده
1
,
آریا مکنت
2
1 - دانشيار روابط بين‌الملل دانشگاه تهران
2 - دانش‌آموخته دکتری اندیشه سیاسی، دانشگاه عالی کلرمانت، کالیفرنیا، استاد مدعو علوم سیاسی در کالج سانتیاگو، کالیفرنیا
الکلمات المفتاحية: According to mainstream IR theories and, in particular, realism, violence is and will remain to be an essential and inseparable part of international relations. All variations of realism view human nature and/or intentional system as inherently violent. Hannah Arendt’s theory of political power as a non-violent and collective human action challenges this fundamental assumption and offers a new perspective on what constitutes the essence of politics. Arendt’s idea of “human condition” rejects all forms of essentialism with regard to human beings and opens up a theoretical space for a new understanding of international relations where human beings become the primary political agents (despite the fact that she sees the existing international relations more from a realist point of view). Contrary to mainstream IR theories in general, and to realism in particular, for Arendt the individuals, rather than the states, are ultimately the main players in international relations. In this paper, we bind different aspects of Arendt’s political thought together to offer a new theoretical perspective for a possible change in world politics. ,
ملخص المقالة :
جریان اصلی در روابط بین الملل و به طور خاص واقع گرایی، خشونت را از اجزای اصلی و جدایی ناپذیر روابط بین الملل می داند. گونه های مختلف واقع گرایی، سرشت انسان و نظام بین الملل را ذاتاً خشونت آمیز تلقی می کنند. نظریۀ قدرت سیاسی «هانا آرنت» به عنوان یک کنش جمعی و غیرخشونت آمیز، این فرض بنیادین را به چالش می کشد و چشم اندازی نوین به آنچه جوهر سیاست است ارائه می کند. در تفکر آرنت، مفهوم «وضعیت انسان» متضمن نفی هرگونه ذات‌پنداری یا جوهرگرایی درباره انسان است و فضای نظری جدیدی برای فهمی نوین از روابط بین الملل می گشاید که در آن، انسان ها به کارگزاران اصلی سیاسی تبدیل می شوند. برخلاف جریان اصلی روابط بین الملل و واقع گرایی به طور خاص از نظر آرنت، افراد و نه دولت ها می توانند بازیکنان اصلی در روابط بین الملل باشند (هرچند او وضعیت موجود بین المللی را چنین نمی بیند و نگاهی واقع‌گرایانه به آن دارد). در این مقاله، ما با به هم پیوستن ابعاد مختلف اندیشه سیاسی آرنت می کوشیم تا نشان دهیم که چه حوزه هایی از نظریه سیاسی آرنت با روابط بین الملل ارتباط پیدا می کند و بینش او (به ویژه زمانی که در پیوند با بینش هایی از سایر متفکران قرار گیرد)، چه زمینه ای برای طرح تغییرات ممکن در عرصۀ سیاست جهانی می تواند ارائه کند.
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