غشاهای درون پلیمری برای استخراج فلزات خاکی نادر
محورهای موضوعی : پلیمرها در انرژی و کاربردهای بهداشتی و محیطی
1 - گروه مهندسی شیمی و پلیمر، دانشکده فنی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
کلید واژه: عناصر نادر خاکی, غشاهای مایع و غیر مایع, غشاء درون پلیمری, نفوذ پذیری, پایداری,
چکیده مقاله :
تقاضا برای عناصر نادر خاکی به‌دلیل کاربردهای بالقوه صنعتی در کاتالیزورها، آهنرباها، آلیاژهای باتری، سرامیک به‌طور قابل‌توجهی افزایش یافته است. علاوه بر این، خواص شیمیایی و فیزیکی مشابه این عناصر باعث شده که جداسازی آن‌ها دشوار باشد و پیشرفت در فرایند جداسازی این عناصر مزایای جهانی زیادی به همراه خواهد داشت. در میان روش‌های بهبودیافته، روش غشا به‌عنوان روشی پایدار با عملکرد آسان در جداسازی مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است و غشاهای متعددی برای جداسازی طراحی شده‌اند. غشاهای درون‌پلیمری نسل جدید غشای غیر مایع است که با روش ساده ریخته‌گری محلولی حاوی فازهای مایع (استخراج‌کننده، نرم‌کننده/ اصلاح‌کننده) و پلیمرهای پایه ساخته می‌شود. غشاهای درون‌پلیمری به‌دلیل امکان استخراج و دفع هم‌زمان، گزینش‌پذیری بالا، پایداری عالی، کاربرد ساده، هزینه نسبتاً کم و مصرف انرژی کم، مزایای زیادی دارند. بنابراین در این مطالعه مروری بر غشاهای درون‌پلیمری گزارش‌شده در مطالعات تا به امروز ارائه می‌شود و عملکرد، نفوذپذیری و پایداری غشا با توجه به پلیمر پایه، استخراج‌کننده، نرم‌کننده و اصلاح‌کننده‌های مورد استفاده بررسی می‌شود.
The demand for rare earth elements has increased significantly due to potential industrial applications such as catalysts, magnets, battery alloys, ceramics. However, the separation and recovery of rare earth metals are very difficult due to their similar chemical properties and ionic radius, so progress in the separation process of these elements will bring many global benefits. Among the improved methods, the membrane technique has received much attention as a stable method with easy operation in the separation of such metals, and several membranes have been designed for separation. This article provides a summary of the types of membranes in the separation of rare earth elements in terms of extraction performance, transfer efficiency, and membrane stability. Polymer inclusion membranes are a new generation of non-liquid membrane that is made by a simple method of casting a solution containing liquid phases (carrier, plasticizer /modifier) and base polymers. Polymer inclusion membranes due to the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction, high selectivity, excellent stability, reusability, simple applicability, relatively low cost, and low energy consumption, it provides a great advantage in both the separation and purification of metal ions. Therefore, in this study, an overview of the PIMs reported in the studies to date is presented and the performance, permeability and stability of the membrane are discussed according to the base polymer, carrier, plasticizer and modifiers used.
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