بررسی تحلیلی اهم عوامل فرهنگی بازدارنده افشای کودک‌آزاری جنسی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودک
آرین پتفت
1
(استادیار حقوق عمومی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران)
کلید واژه: حقوق کودک, کودک‌آزاری, خشونت جنسی, هنجارهای فرهنگی, افشاگری,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه یکی از بارزترین نوع خشونت‌ها علیه کودکان در سراسر جهان، كودك آزاری جنسی است که نوعاً بازتابی از علل آسیب‌های اجتماعی است. آداب و سنت‌های موجود در جامعه بعضاً موجب پنهان‌ساختن موارد خشونت جنسی علیه کودکان می‌شود. بسیاری از موارد سوءاستفاده جنسی، به سبب پنهان‌کاری و ترس از برملاشدن، گزارش نشده و آثار مخرب آن بر کودکان به طور مستور باقی می‌مانند. از آنجا که یکی از خطرناک‌ترین نوع خشونت علیه کودکان، آزار جنسی آنان است، بررسی عوامل هنجاری فرهنگی آن بسیار حائز اهمیت است و می‌تواند ما را در آسیب‌شناسی و ارائه راه‌کارهای مقتضی یاری برساند. از این رو مقاله حاضر درصدد پاسخ به این سؤال اصلی است که چه مسائل هنجاری فرهنگی می‌تواند موجب پنهان‌کاری موارد کودک‌آزاری جنسی شده و به تبع آن، خشونت جنسی علیه اطفال و نوجوانان را تسهیل ساخته و موجب افزایش این‌گونه بزه‌کاری‌ها شود. درک ارزش‌هایی که عموماً در بین مردمی با فرهنگی خاص وجود دارد، این امکان را به ما می‌دهد که موانع اجتماعی افشاگری آزار جنسی کودکان را از میان برداریم. به طور کلی در مقاله حاضر دریافته شد که اهم عوامل فرهنگی مذکور عبارتند از: آبرو و شرف خانوادگی، عفت و شرم، تبعیضات ناروای جنسیتی، هزینه‌های گزاف افشاگری، تفاوت فرهنگی و نژادپرستی، اعتقادات دینی انحرافی و عدم پایبندی مؤثر به ارزش‌های معقول فرهنگی.
Nowadays, one of the most known types of violence against children around the world is child sexual abuse, which is typically a reflection of the causes of social problem. The customs and traditions of society sometimes make the people to conceal sexual violence against children. Many cases of sexual abuse have not been reported due to concealment and fear of being exposed, and its deleterious effects on children remain concealed. As one of the most dangerous forms of violence against children is their sexual abuse, it is important to examine cultural normative factors and can help us in pathology and in providing appropriate solutions. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the key question of what cultural norms can make us to conceal child sexual abuse cases and consequently facilitate and increase sexual violence against children and adolescents. Understanding the values generally held by people of a particular culture allows us to eliminate the social barriers to disclosing child sexual abuse. Overall, this article found that the important cultural factors are: family honor and dignity, chastity, gender discrimination, high costs of disclosure, traditional and racial difference, deviant religious beliefs and non-effective adherence to reasonable cultural norms.
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