بررسی ساختار و تکامل شبکه نوآوری کشورهای فرارسی کننده در حوزه انرژی خورشیدی با استفاده از تحلیل استنادات پتنت
محورهای موضوعی : مديريت تکنولوژي
محبوبه نوری زاده
1
,
طاهره صاحب
2
,
شقایق صحرایی
3
,
علی ملکی
4
1 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
3 - دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
4 - دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
کلید واژه: انرژی تجدید پذیر خورشیدی, فرارسی فناورانه, تحلیل پتنت, شبکه نوآوری, پنجره فرصت.,
چکیده مقاله :
در طول سه دهه گذشته، پژوهش‌ها بر این موضوع متمرکز بوده‌است که کشورهای متأخر چگونه و تحت چه شرایطی توانسته‌اند به تولیدکنندگان اصلی فناوری‌های جدید همچون انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر تبدیل شوند و در این حوزه فرارسی فناورانه نمایند. این موضوع برای کشورهای در حال توسعه از آن جهت مورد تاکید است که از سویی بیشترین رشد تقاضای انرژی در سال‌های آینده در این کشورها خواهد بود و از سوی دیگر پنجره فرصت سبزی است تا سایر کشورهای در حال‌توسعه بتوانند با در نظر گرفتن آن به درس‌آموزی و یادگیری پرداخته و در جهت فرارسی در این حوزه‌ها تلاش نمایند. در این پژوهش سعی شده‌است تا فرارسی فناورانه از طریق تحلیل ساختار و تکامل شبکه نوآوری حوزه انرژی خورشیدی با استفاده از تحلیل استنادات پتنت بررسی شود. بدین منظور پتنت‌های این حوزه از پایگاه نوآوری دِرونت و در بازه زمانی سال 1980 تا 2017 استخراج و پاکسازی شد. سپس شبکه استنادات تشکیل و با استفاده از روش‌های تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی ساختار کلی شبکه و ویژگی‌های سطح کشور بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کشورهایی که از طرفی به مرور ظرفیت جذب خود را از طریق پیوستن به شبکه جهانی نوآوری و حرکت در خط سیر فناوری‌های کشورهای پیشرو از طریق افزایش استنادات به پتنت‌های این کشورها، افزایش دادند و از طرفی دیگر پتنت‌های باکیفیتی در حوزه‌های جدید ثبت کرده‌اند، مورد استناد روزافزون سایر کشورها قرار گرفته و موفق شدند در شبکه جایگاه ویژه‌ای به عنوان واسط و میانجی انتقال و اشاعه فناوری پیدا کنند و موفق به فرارسی فناورانه شوند.
Over the past three decades, research has focused on how and under what conditions latecomers have been able to become major producers of new technologies, such as renewable energy, and make technological catch-up in this area. This is emphasized for developing countries because, on the one hand, the greatest growth in energy demand in the coming years will be in these countries, and on the other hand, it is a green window of opportunity for other developing countries to learn and work towards catching-up in these areas. In this research, from the perspective of global innovation networks, the technological approach was investigated by analyzing the structure and evolution of the solar energy innovation network using patent citation analysis. For this purpose, patents in this field were extracted and cleared from the Derwent Innovation over a period 1980-2017. Then, a citation network was formed and the topological structure and country-level indicator were examined using social network analysis methods. The results showed that countries that were able to gradually increase their absorption capacity by joining the global innovation network and moving in the path of technology of leading countries by increasing citations to their patents, could able to be producers of knowledge and granted high quality patents which have been increasingly cited by other countries. These countries found a special place in the network as intermediaries for the diffusion of technology and succeeded in technological catch-up.
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